[博弈论书籍].an.introduction.to.game.theory,martin osborne

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1、SelectedchaptersfromdraftofAnIntroductiontoGameTheorybyMartinJ.OsbornePleasesendcommentstoMartinJ.OsborneDepartmentofEconomics150St.GeorgeStreetUniversityofTorontoToronto,CanadaM5S3G7email:martin.osborne@utoronto.caThisversion:2000/11/6Copyright
c1995–2000byMartinJ.OsborneAllrig

2、htsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedbyanyelectronicormechanicalmeans(includingphotocopying,recording,orinformationstorageandretrieval)withoutpermissioninwritingfromOxfordUniversityPress.ContentsPrefacexiii1Introduction11.1Whatisgametheory?1Anoutlineofthehistoryofgametheor

3、y3JohnvonNeumann31.2Thetheoryofrationalchoice41.3Comingattractions7Notes8IGameswithPerfectInformation92NashEquilibrium:Theory112.1Strategicgames112.2Example:thePrisoner’sDilemma122.3Example:BachorStravinsky?162.4Example:MatchingPennies172.5Example:theStagHunt182.6Nashequilibrium

4、19JohnF.Nash,Jr.20StudyingNashequilibriumexperimentally222.7ExamplesofNashequilibrium24ExperimentalevidenceonthePrisoner’sDilemma26Focalpoints302.8Bestresponsefunctions332.9Dominatedactions432.10Equilibriuminasinglepopulation:symmetricgamesandsymmetricequilibria49Notes51vviConte

5、nts3NashEquilibrium:Illustrations533.1Cournot’smodelofoligopoly533.2Bertrand’smodelofoligopoly61Cournot,Bertrand,andNash:somehistoricalnotes673.3Electoralcompetition683.4TheWarofAttrition753.5Auctions79AuctionsfromBabyloniatoeBay793.6Accidentlaw89Notes944MixedStrategyEquilibrium

6、974.1Introduction97Someevidenceonexpectedpayofffunctions1024.2Strategicgamesinwhichplayersmayrandomize1034.3MixedstrategyNashequilibrium1054.4Dominatedactions1174.5Pureequilibriawhenrandomizationisallowed1194.6Illustration:expertdiagnosis1204.7Equilibriuminasinglepopulation1254.8

7、Illustration:reportingacrime128Reportingacrime:socialpsychologyandgametheory1304.9Theformationofplayers’beliefs1314.10Extension:FindingallmixedstrategyNashequilibria1354.11Extension:MixedstrategyNashequilibriaofgamesinwhicheachplayerhasacontinuumofactions1394.12Appendix:Represen

8、tingpreferencesoverlotteriesbytheexpectedvalueo