20世纪末的国际私法privateinternationallawoftheendof20th

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1、V.TheAntagonismBetween,orCo-existenceof,Choice-of-lawRulesandChoice-of-Law"Approaches"Theattempttoensurethatchoice・of-lawdecisionsareproperlyadaptedtothewidevarietyofneedsandsituationsappearingincontemporaryinternationallegaltransactionsissometimesexpress

2、edbytherejectionoftraditionalchoice-of-lawrulesasbeingtoo"hard・and・fast",andintheproposaltoadoptchoice-of-law"approaches"instead・Suchapproachesdonotdirectlyindicatetheapplicablelaw,butratherpointoutamethodfordeterminingit.Forexample,§6oftheUSA'ssecondrest

3、atementenumeratesanumberofaimsandfactorswhicharetobetakenintoaccountindeterminingthegoverninglawinaparticularcasewhichisnotcoveredbyapre-establishedchoice-of-lawrule.Itisleftuptothecourttodecidewhichoftheenumeratedaimsorfactorsisofprimaryimportaneeinapart

4、icularcaseand/orgivenlegalissue,andnexttodeterminewhichstatehasthemostsignificantrelationshiptothematter.Itshouldbepointedoutthatwhiletheterm"mostsignificantrelationship"datesbacktothetheorythateachlegalrelationhasitsnaturalseat,thetermasusedinthe"approac

5、h"conceptplaysadifferentrolethanintheSavignysystem・AccordingtoSavignytheconnectionaroseoutofthetypeoflegalrelationshipconceivedintheabstract,whilethe"approach"conceptseekstoidentifythelawmostcloselyconnectedwithaparticularmatterinquestion.Otherdifferences

6、betweenthe"approach"conceptandthetraditionalmethodologyneednotbedweltonhere・Ascanbeseen,the"approach"conceptdoesnotyieldspec讦icdesignationsleadingtospecificlaws.Itlimitsitselftotheformulationofaso-callednarrativenormwhichisdesignedtodirectadisplayofinform

7、ationtothejudicialorganassignedtomaketheappropriatechoiceofapplicablelaw.Insuchcasestheorganhasawiderangeoflatitudeindiscoveringthegoverninglaw;itsdecisionresemblesanamalgammixtureofcontacts,interests,andpolicies・Tomakemattersmorecomplicated,theaforementi

8、onedfactorsarenotarrangedinanyhierarchyandtheirsimultaneousandparallelapplicationoftenleads,aspracticeshows,tocontradictoryresultsconcerningtheapplicablelaw.Thustherejectionoftraditionalchoice-of-lawrulesinfavorof"a