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1、Unit1 Greatscientists推理判断题之写作目的题(阅读理解)方法指导推断写作目的的题目题干中常有purpose或表示目的的动词不定式等。推断作者写该篇文章的目的,有两大思路,解题时要综合考虑:1.主旨推断法写作意图与文章主旨密切相关,因此,解答这类题跟解答主旨大意题和选择文章标题一样,用略读法,即重点关注文章首尾段和各段的首尾句,找到主题句,抓住文章主旨,然后由主旨来推断作者的写作目的。议论文、新闻报道、说明文等,其主题句多在文首。2.文体推断法作者的写作目的与文体密切相关。(1)议论文的目的通常是说服读者接受或赞同某一观点,倡导某种做
2、法等。(2)说明文的目的是使读者获得某种知识,提出某种建议、劝告或呼吁,或希望引起有关部门或人士对某种现象给予重视。(3)记叙文的目的一般是分享一段有趣的经历,告诉读者一个有趣的故事,使读者获得乐趣;若是夹叙夹议的文章,则是表达作者的感悟或给读者某种教育或启示。(4)广告是作者要推销一种产品或一种服务,因此其目的是吸引更多顾客、游客、读者、订户、观众等。典例引领(2016江苏,C)4ElNiño,aSpanishtermfor“theChristchild”,wasnamedbySouthAmericanfishermenwhonoticedthatt
3、heglobalweatherpattern,whichhappenseverytwotosevenyears,reducedtheamountoffishescaughtaroundChristmas.ElNiñoseeswarmwater,collectedoverseveralyearsinthewesternPacific,flowbackeastwardswhenwindsthatnormallyblowwestwardsweaken,orsometimestheotherwayround.Theweathereffects,bothgood
4、andbad,arefeltinmanyplaces.RichcountriesgainmorefrompowerfulNiños,onbalance,thantheylose.AstudyfoundthatastrongNiñoin1997-98helpedAmerica’seconomygrowby$15billion,partlybecauseofbetteragriculturalharvests:farmersintheMidwestgainedfromextrarain.Thetotalriseinagriculturalincomesin
5、richcountriesisgreaterthanthefallinpoorones.ButinIndonesiaextremelydryforestsareinflames.Amulti-yeardrought(干旱)insouth-eastBrazilisbecomingworse.ThoughheavyrainsbroughtaboutbyElNiñomayrelievethedroughtinCalifornia,theyarelikelytocausesurfacefloodingandotherdisasters.Themostrecen
6、tpowerfulNiño,in1997-98,killedaround21,000peopleandcauseddamageworth$36billionaroundtheglobe.ButsuchNiñoscomewithmonthsofwarning,andsomuchisknownabouthowtheyhappenthatgovernmentscanprepare.AccordingtotheOverseasDevelopmentInstitute(ODI),however,just12%ofdisaster-relieffundingint
7、hepasttwodecadeshasgoneonreducingrisksinadvance,ratherthanrecoveryandrebuildingafterwards.Thisisdespiteevidencethatadollarspentonrisk-reductionsavesatleasttwoonreconstruction.Simpleimprovementstoinfrastructure(基础设施)canreducethespreadofdisease.Bettersewers(下水道)makeitlesslikelytha
8、theavyrainisfollowedbyanoutbreakofthediseaseofb
