神经元和神经胶质细胞-胶质细胞 Composition of Nervous Tissu

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1、Neuron:Supportingcells:CNS:neuroglia(glia)PNS:SchwanncellsandsatellitecellsFunctions:physicalsupportelectricalinsulationmetabolicexchangeblood-brainbarrierCompositionofNervousTissueTypesandFunctionsofGliaNameofGlialCellFunctionAstrocyte(Astroglia)Star-shapedcellstha

2、tprovidephysicalandnutritionalsupportforneurons:1)cleanupbrain"debris";2)transportnutrientstoneurons;3)holdneuronsinplace;4)digestpartsofdeadneurons;5)regulatecontentofextracellularspaceMicrogliaLikeastrocytes,microgliadigestpartsofdeadneurons.Oligo-dendrogliaProvid

3、etheinsulation(myelin)toneuronsinthecentralnervoussystem.SatelliteCellsPhysicalsupporttoneuronsintheperipheralnervoussystem.SchwannCellsProvidetheinsulation(myelin)toneuronsintheperipheralnervoussystem.NeurogliaintheCNSAbletoreplicate!Importanceinnervoussystemfuncti

4、onisVASTLYunderestimated!Evidenceismounting:NurturingroleSignalingrole(Memory?)InflammationPainManymoretocome!Neuroglia:DistinguishingFeaturesPresenceoftightjunctionsbetweentheendothelialcellsOneofthenotablefeaturesofendothelialcellsincomparisontoothercellisthelacko

5、fpinocyticvesiclesSelectivepermeabilitytomoleculesbasedontheirmolecularweightandlipidsolubilityPresenceofspecificmarkersRichintwoenzymes:gammaglutamyltranspeptidase(GGTP)(foraminoacidtransport)andalkalinephosphatase(transportofphsopahteions)usedasmarkerforBBB.Others

6、:glucosetransporter(GLUT-1);endothelialbarrierantigen(EBA;unknownfunction)andantigenrecognizedbytheMRCOX-47monoclonalantibody(importantforcell-to-celladhesion);transferrinreceptor(transportofferricions).PropertiesofBloodBrainBarriersBBB1.NeuronshaveTWO"processes"cal

7、ledaxonsanddendrites.GlialcellsonlyhaveONE.2.NeuronsCANgenerateactionpotentials.GlialcellsCANNOT,however,dohavearestingpotential.3.NeuronsHAVEsynapsesthatuseneurotransmitters.GlialcellsdoNOThavechemicalsynapses.4.NeuronsdoNOTcontinuetodivide.GlialcellsDOcontinuetodi

8、vide.5.TherearemanyMORE(10-50timesmore)glialcellsinthebraincomparedtothenumberofneurons.Gliaaredifferentfromneurons:NerveCellsNeurons,Glia