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1、致谢本工作是在导师陆福全教授和张雪梅副教授的指导下完成的。三年来两位导师对我的学习，科研，生活各方面的教诲，鼓励和关心让我永远难忘，衷心的感谢两位导师。同时，研究生阶段的工作也是也是原子物理组全体老师和研究生的集体智慧和共同努力的结晶，我对王炎森教授，霍裕昆教授，承焕生教授，邹亚明教授，陈重阳副教授怀有深深的谢意。同时感谢宁西京副教授，沈皓副教授，}Z泳教授，贺勉鸿高级工程师给予的指点。感谢所长周筑颖教授给予我的教导。感谢傅桃贤老师，叶翠娣老师，查秉强老师，张杰雄老师的帮助。感谢齐静波硕士，夏海宁硕士给予的指点以及师兄黎光武给予的帮助。感谢所有帮助过我的师兄，同学，师弟们。感谢杨福家院士
2、给实验室创造的良好工作条件。感谢父母和家人给予我的关心，感谢他们长期来给予我做人的教诲和激励，没有他们的鞭策和鼓励我是很难坚持下去的。AbstractThesingleelectrondetachmentofnegativeionsincollisionwithatomsisknowntobeoneofthemostfundamentalprocessesoccurringinplasmaphysics,astrophysics,andionosphericphysics.Experimentalandtheoreticalstudiesofthiscollisionprocessesm
3、aybeusedtoimproveourunderstandingofion-atominteractionandthestructureofnegativeions,thus,thissubjecthasbeenextensivelystudiedinthepastfewdecades.ThegrowthratemethodwasusedtomeasuretheSED(single-electrondetachment)crosssectionsinthiswork.TheSEDcrosssectionsforCu'incollisionwithHe,Ne,Ar,N2;H-,Ag,C"
4、,Cl"(isotope"C1-,"C1-),Fe-,Cr-incollisionwithHewereobtainedintherangeof5-30kev.Theresultsarequalitativelydiscussed.TheresultsforCuincollisionwithdiferentinertgasesarecomparedwitheachother.TheresultsforHeincollisionwithdiferentnegativeionsarecomparedwitheachother.Intheviewofclassicaldynamics,theSE
5、Dcrosssectionsofnegativeionsincollisionwithgasatomsandmolecularsaredeterminedbythesizeofthetargets.Thebiggerthetarget,thegreatertheSEDcrosssection;thecrosssectionsarealsodeterminedbythevelocitiesoftheincidentions.Becausethemassesoftheincidentionsarediferent,forthesameincidentenergy,thevelocitieso
6、fthenegativeionsarediferent.Thusthetrendsofthesectionsvaryingwiththeincidentenergiesarediferent.Althoughtherehavebeenmanytheoriesaboutelectron-losscrosssectionsofhighorlowenergynegativeionsincollisionwithgastargets,fewisapplicableforSEDproceduresofwhichmediummassnegativeionsincollisionwithinertga
7、sinthemediumenergyrange.Asystemicquantumtheorythereforeisexpectedforinterpretingtheelectron-lossproceduresinawideenergyrange.Inthepresentwork,consideringtheatachedelectronisboundedintheatom,andmomentumtransfercannotbep
