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1、Chapter3WordFormationnAffixationnCompoundingnConversionnBlendingnClippingnAcronymynBack-formationnOnomatopoeia/soundreduplication3.1Affixation/derivation(词缀法/派生法)uTheformationofwordsbyaddingword-formingorderivationalaffixestobases.uWordsthuscreatedarederivatives(
2、派生词).uAccordingtothepositionsaffixesoccupyinwords,affixationfallsintotwosubcategories:prefixationandsuffixation.3.1Affixation/Derivation1.Prefixation1)Negativeprefixesa-‘not,without,oppositeof’asinamoral,asexualdis-‘not,theconverseof’asindisobey,disorder,disloyal
3、In-(il-,ir-,im-);non-;un-3.1Affixation/Derivation1.Prefixation2)pejorativeprefixesmal-‘bad,badly’asinmaltreat,malpracticemis-‘wrongly,astray’asinmisinterpret,misspelling,misleadingpseudo-‘false,imitation’asinpseudo-scientific,pseudonym3.1Affixation/Derivation1.Pr
4、efixation3)Prefixesofdegreeorsizearch-‘supreme,most’asinarchbishophyper-‘extreme’asinhyperactivemacro-‘large’asinmacroeconomicsmicro-‘verysmall’asinmicroeconomicssur-‘overandabove’asinsurplusco-,extra-,mini-,out-,over-,sub-,super-3.1Affixation/Derivation1.Prefixa
5、tion4)locativeprefixesextra-‘outside’asinextra-curricularfore-‘frontpart’asinforearm,foreheadinter-‘between,among’asininterpersonalintra-‘within’asinintrapartytrans-‘across’asintranscontinental3.1Affixation/Derivation1.Prefixation5)Prefixesofnumber3.1Affixation/D
6、erivation1.Prefixation6)conversionprefixesa-(V→Adj.)asinasleep,alivebe-(N→vt.)asinbefriend,befall,bewitchen-(N/Adj.→vt.)asinendanger,enrich3.1Affixation/Derivation1.Prefixation7)Miscellaneousprefixesneo-‘new,revived’asinneo-Nazipan-‘all,thewholeof’asinpan-Europea
7、nsino-‘China’asinSino-Angloproto-‘first,original’asinprototypevice-‘deputy’asinvice-chairman3.1Affixation/Derivation2.Suffixation1)NounsuffixesuConcrete-eer,-er,-ess,-ette,-let,-ster,-istuAbstract-age,-dom,-hood,-ism,-ship,-ance,-ence,-ation,-sion,-ment,-ness,-it
8、y3.1Affixation/Derivation2.Suffixation2)Adjectivesuffixes-ful,-ish,-less,-like,-ly,-y,-al,-ous,-eous,-ious,-uous,-able,-ative,-ive-ic:patriotic,pessimistic,bur
