新概念英语文化背景知识(英文版)

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1、《新概念英语》第二册文化背景知识CulturalinBritainandtheUSEducationinBritainandtheUSInBritainallchildrenhavetogotoschoolbetweentheagesof5and16.IntheUSchildrenmustgotoschoolfromtheageof6tobetweentheagesof14and16,dependingonthestatetheylivein.SubjectInEnglandandWalesthesubjectstaughtinschoolsarelai

2、ddownbytheNationalCurriculum(课程),whichwasintroducedin1988andsetsout(制定)indetailthesubjectsthatchildrenshouldstudyandthelevelsofachievementtheyshouldreachbytheagesof7,11,14and16,whentheyaretested.TheNationalCurriculumdoesnotapplyinScotland,whereeachschooldecideswhatsubjectsitwillt

3、each.IntheUSthesubjectstaughtaredecidedbynationalandlocalgovernments.WhereasBritishschoolsusuallyhaveprayers(祈祷)andreligious(宗教的)instruction,Americanschoolsarenotallowedtoincludeprayersortoteachparticularreligiousbeliefs(信仰).ExaminationsAt16studentsinEnglandandWalestakeGCSEexamin

4、ations.Theseexaminationsaretakenbystudentsofalllevelsofabilityinanyofarangeofsubjectsandmayinvolveafinalexamination,anassessment(评价)ofworkdoneduringthetwoyearcourse,orbothofthesethings.At18somestudentshavetakenA-levelexaminations,usuallyinnotmorethan3subjects.ItisnecessarytohaveA

5、-levelsinordertogotoauniversityorpolytechnic(综合技术大学).InScotlandstudentstaketheSCEexaminations.Ayearlater,theycantakeexaminationscalledHIGHS,afterwhichtheycaneithergostraighttoauniversityorspendafurtheryearatschoolandtaketheCertificate(证书)ofSixthYearStudies.InScotlandtheuniversity

6、systemisdifferenttothatinEnglandandWales.Coursesusuallylastfouryearsratherthanthreeandstudentsstudyalargernumberofsubjectsaspartoftheirdegree.IntheUSschoolexaminationsarenotasimportantastheyareinBritain.StudentsinHighSchoolsdohaveexamsattheendoftheirlasttwoyears,butthesefinalexam

7、sareconsideredalongwiththeworkthatthestudentshavedoneduringtheschoolyears.SocialEventsandCeremonies(仪式)InAmericanhighschoolsthereisaformalceremonyforGraduation(=completionofhighschool).Studentswearaspecialcapandgownandreceiveadiploma(文凭)fromtheheadoftheschool.Studentsoftenbuyacla

8、ssringtoear,andayearbook,containingpictu