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1、PRINCIPLESOFREMOTESENSINGShefaliAggarwalPhotogrammetryandRemoteSensingDivisionIndianInstituteofRemoteSensing,DehraDunAbstract:Remotesensingisatechniquetoobservetheearthsurfaceortheatmospherefromoutofspaceusingsatellites(spaceborne)orfromtheairusingaircrafts(airborn
2、e).Remotesensingusesapartorseveralpartsoftheelectromagneticspectrum.Itrecordstheelectromagneticenergyreflectedoremittedbytheearth’ssurface.Theamountofradiationfromanobject(calledradiance)isinfluencedbyboththepropertiesoftheobjectandtheradiationhittingtheobject(irra
3、diance).Thehumaneyesregisterthesolarlightreflectedbytheseobjectsandourbrainsinterpretthecolours,thegreytonesandintensityvariations.Inremotesensingvariouskindsoftoolsanddevicesareusedtomakeelectromagneticradiationoutsidethisrangefrom400to700nmvisibletothehumaneye,es
4、peciallythenearinfrared,middle-infrared,thermal-infraredandmicrowaves.Remotesensingimageryhasmanyapplicationsinmappingland-useandcover,agriculture,soilsmapping,forestry,cityplanning,archaeologicalinvestigations,militaryobservation,andgeomorphologicalsurveying,landc
5、overchanges,deforestation,vegetationdynamics,waterqualitydynamics,urbangrowth,etc.Thispaperstartswithabriefhistoricoverviewofremotesensingandthenexplainsthevariousstagesandthebasicprinciplesofremotelysenseddatacollectionmechanism.INTRODUCTIONemotesensing(RS),alsoca
6、lledearthobservation,referstoobtainingRinformationaboutobjectsorareasattheEarth’ssurfacewithoutbeingindirectcontactwiththeobjectorarea.Humansaccomplishthistaskwithaidofeyesorbythesenseofsmellorhearing;so,remotesensingisday-to-daybusinessforpeople.Readingthenewspape
7、r,watchingcarsdrivinginfrontofyouareallremotesensingactivities.Mostsensingdevicesrecordinformationaboutanobjectbymeasuringanobject’stransmissionofelectromagneticenergyfromreflectingandradiatingsurfaces.SatelliteRemoteSensingandGISApplicationsinAgriculturalMeteorolo
8、gypp.23-3824PrinciplesofRemoteSensingRemotesensingtechniquesallowtakingimagesoftheearthsurfaceinvariouswavelengthregionoftheelectromagneticspectr
