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1、CHAPTER7COMPETITIVEADVANTAGEINTECHNOLOGYINTENSIVEINDUSTRIESFrankT.RothaermelABSTRACTThischapterintroducesthereadertothemeaningofcompetitiveadvantageandpositsthatafirm’sstrategyisdefinedasthemanagers’theoryabouthowtogainandsustaincompetitiveadvantage.Theauthordemonstra
2、teshowafirmcreatesitscompetitiveadvantagebycreatingmoreeconomicvaluethanitsrivals,andexplainsthatprofitabilitydependsuponvalue,price,andcosts.Therelationshipamongthesefactorsisexploredinthecontextofhigh-technologyconsumergoods-laptopcomputersandcars.Next,thechapterexp
3、lainstheSWOT[s(trengths)w(eaknesses)o(pportunities)t(hreats)]analysis.Examiningtheinter-playoffirmresources,capabilities,andcompetencies,thechapteremphasizesthatbothmustbepresenttopossesscorecompetenciesessentialtogainingandsustainingcompetitiveadvantagethroughstrate
4、gy.Next,thechapterdescribesthevaluechainbywhichafirmtransformsinputsintooutputs,addingvalueateachstagethroughtheprimaryactivitiesofresearch,development,production,marketingandsales,andcustomerservice,whichinturnrelyuponessentialsupportactivitiesthataddvalueindirectly
5、.AfterdescribingthePESTTechnologicalInnovation:GeneratingEconomicResultsAdvancesintheStudyofEntrepreneurship,InnovationandEconomicGrowth,Volume18,201–225Copyrightr2008byElsevierLtd.AllrightsofreproductioninanyformreservedISSN:1048-4736/doi:10.1016/S1048-4736(07)0000
6、7-0201202FRANKT.ROTHAERMEL[p(olitical)e(conomic)s(ocial)t(echnological)]Modelforassessingafirm’sgeneralexternalenvironment,thechapterexplainsPorter’sFiveForcesModel.Thechapterthendescribesthestrategicgroupmodelandillustratesthatmodelbyreferencetothepharmaceuticalindu
7、stry.Theauthornotesthatopportunitiesandthreatstoacompanydifferbaseduponthestrategicgrouptowhichthatfirmbelongswithinanindustry.Finally,thechapterexplorestheimportanceofstrategyintechnologyintensiveindustriesandemphasizesthatsustainedcompetitiveadvantagecanbeaccomplis
8、hedonlythroughcontinuedinnovation.1.WHATISCOMPETITIVEADVANTAGE?Gainingandsustainingcompetitiveadvantageisthedefiningquestionofstrategy.Acco
