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1、APAM-4AdaptiveAnalogEqualizerwithDecouplingControlLoopsfor25-Gb/sCMOSSerial-LinkReceiverShunbinLi,PengLiuz,WeidongWang,XingFangy,DongWuy,andXianghuiXieyCollegeofInformationScienceandElectronicEngineering,ZhejiangUniversity,Hangzhou,310027,ChinayStateKeyLaboratoryofMathem
2、aticalEngineeringandAdvancedComputing,Wuxi,214125,ChinaEmail:lishunbin,liupeng@zju.edu.cnAbstract—PAM-4signalingisaneffectivesolutionforhigh-VccRdRdVoutICV=-1mW()V2speedCMOSserial-linktransceivers,butitsuffersfromtheI1,22ooxLGS1,2TH1difficultyofsignalregenerationinanalogfront
3、-endowningtoLetK:=mCWitsmulti-levelcharacteristics.Anadaptiveanalogequalizerwith+ooxLdecouplingcontrolloopsisproposedtoaddressthenonlinearityofI2+VRII=-Y()amplifiers.Alow-frequencygaininvariantequalizerandagoldenoutd12signalgeneratoraredesignedtoserveboostandswingcontrol=-1KR
4、VYYY4IV2loops,respectively.Anintegratingchargepumpisemployedto2dinKinVinimprovetheconvergenceperformanceofreceiver.Transistor-IîVw()henV204IlevelsimulationresultsshowthattheproposedadaptiveanalogininKequalizerin40-nmCMOStechnologycanrecover25Gb/sVinVoutPAM-4Amplification:ran
5、domdatatransmittedovera29.8inchesMegtron6printedVoutcircuitboard(PCB)copperchannel.0.4I.INTRODUCTION0.3Theoperatingfrequencyofmodernhigh-capacitystorage,networking,anddataprocessingsystemsincreasesrapidly.VinDuetofrequency-dependentimpairmentssuchasskineffect00.10.2anddielec
6、tricloss,high-speeddatatransmissionsufferfromsevereinter-symbolinterference(ISI)[1].ToeliminatetheISIFig.1.NonlinearityofamplifiersinPAM-4signaling:(a)schematicofbasicandimprovethebiterrorrate(BER),analogequalizers[2]–amplifier,(b)modelanalysis,(c)input-outputcharacteristic,(d
7、)distortionof[5]havebeenemployedinthefront-endequalizationduetoeyediagram.itslowcostandhighboostinNyquistfrequency.Nowadays,multi-levelsignalingtechnique,suchasfour-levelpulseampli-tudemodulation(PAM-4),hasbeenwidelyadoptedinhigh-controlisneededduringthedesignofanalogfront-e
8、nd,speedtransceivers[6].BecausePAM-4signalingtechniquecanespeciallytheonewi
