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1、Life-CycleAnalysisforHeavyVehiclesbyLindaGaines,FrankStodolsky,andRoyCuencaArgonneNationalLaboratoryTransportationTechnologyR&DCenter9700S.CassAvenueArgonne,IL60439andJamesEberhardtOfficeofHeavyVehicleTechnologiesU.S.DepartmentofEnergyDocumentType:ConferencePaperConference:Air
2、&WasteManagementAssociationAnnualMeetingDate:June1998Location:SanDiego,CaliforniaAbstractIntroductionCharacterizationofTruckstoBeStudiedChangesthatWouldAffectFuelUseandEmissionsEstimationofLife-CycleImpactsConclusionsAcknowledgmentsNotesReferencesCopyrightInformationABSTRACTVa
3、riousalternativefuelsandimprovedengineandvehiclesystemshavebeenproposedinordertoreduceemissionsandenergyuseassociatedwithheavyvehicles(predominantlytrucks).Forexample,oilcompanieshaveproposedimprovedmethodsforconvertingnaturalgastozero-aromatics,zero-sulfurdieselfuelviatheFisc
4、her-Tropschprocess.Majorheavy-dutydieselenginecompaniesareworkingonwaystosimultaneouslyreduceparticulate-matterandNOxemissions.Thetrendinheavyvehiclesistowarduseoflightweightmaterials,tireswithlowerrollingresistance,andtreatmentstoreduceaerodynamicdrag.Inthispaper,wecomparethe
5、lifecycleenergyuseandemissionsfromtrucksusingselectedalternatives,suchasFisher-Tropschdieselfuelandadvancedfuel-efficientengines.Weconsiderheavy-duty,Class8tractor-semitrailercombinationsforthisanalysis.Thetotallifecycleincludesproductionandrecyclingofthevehicleitself;extracti
6、on,processing,andtransportationofthefuelitself;andvehicleoperationandmaintenance.Energyuseisconsideredintoto,aswellasthoseportionsthatareimported,domestic,andrenewable.Emissionsofinterestincludegreenhousegasesandcriteriapollutants.Argonne'sGreenhouseGases,RegulatedEmissions,an
7、dEnergyUseinTransportation(GREET)modelisusedtogenerateper-vehiclefuelcycleimpacts.EnergyuseandemissionsformaterialsmanufacturingandvehicledisposalareestimatedbymeansofmaterialsinformationfromArgonnestudies.Weconcludethattherearetrade-offsamongimpacts.Forexample,thelowestfossil
8、energyusedoesnotnecessarilyresultinlowesttotalenergyuse,andlo
