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1、WordOrder,StructureandRelativization*YEN-HUIAUDREYLIUniversityofSouthernCalifornia1.Introduction1NounsinlanguageslikeEnglishappeartodiffergreatlyfromthoseinlanguageslikeChinese.ProminentdifferencesbetweenthemincludethefactthatnounsinEnglishgenerallydo
2、notoccur2inthe"bare"formbutnounsinChinesecan.Moreover,abarenouninChinesecanbeinterpretedasdefinite,indefiniteorgeneric;thesedifferentinterpretationsofanEnglishnominalphraserelyontheoccurrenceofthedefinitearticlethe,indefinitearticleaorsomeotherdevice.
3、Takeadefiniteexpressionforinstance.Chineseishappywithabarenoun[N],suchasshu'book';3whereasEnglishrequiresthedefinitearticle[theN]thebook(s).Averyinterestingquestionarisesfromsuchadifferenceisthestructureofnominalphrasesintheselanguages.AnarticleinEngl
4、ish,forinstance,playsakeyroleinthestructuralrepresentation:anominalphraseisrepresentedasaDeterminerPhrase(DP),headedbyaDeterminer(D)(seeAbney1987).ThedefinitearticlethecanbeintheDposition(seeLongobardi1994,Chierchia1998,amongothers).Inotherwords,the4b
5、ookcanhavethestructurein(1),headedbythe:(1)DP/DNP/thebookWhat,then,isthestructureofadefiniteexpressionsuchasshuinChinese?Isitlike(1)withanullDhead(whereNmightmoveto)?Or,doesithaveasimplerstructure,suchas(2)?*ManythankstoTomErnst,JimHuang,YafeiLi,Bin
6、gfuLu,Sze-WingTangandZoeWufortheirhelpwiththiswork.1ChineseinthisworkreferstoMandarinChinese.2MassnounsinEnglishcanoccurinthebareform.3Demonstratives,possessivesetc.whichalsomakeanominalphrasedefinitecanbeanalyzedinthesameway,whichwedisregardhere.4Int
7、hiswork,wedonotconcernourselveswiththefunctionalprojectionsbetweenDandN;seeCarstens(1991),Ritter(1991,1995),Valois(1991),forinstance,fordiscussionsonsomeofsuchprojections.SeeTang(1990),Li(1998,1999),ChengandSybesma(toappear)amongothersforthefunctional
8、projectionswithinnominalphrasesinChinese.1(2)NP
9、shuTherearetheoreticalandempiricalconcernsinansweringthesequestions.Theoretically,ifshuisinterpretedinthesamewayasthebook,shouldtheyhavethesamestructure?Boththepositiveandnegativeanswerstothisque
