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1、ChapterTenInterestandDiscipline1.TheMeaningoftheTerms.Wehavealreadynoticedthedifferenceintheattitudeofaspectatorandofanagentorparticipant.Theformerisindifferenttowhatisgoingon;oneresultisjustasgoodasanother,sinceeachisjustsomethingtolookat.Thelatterisboundupwi
2、thwhatisgoingon;itsoutcomemakesadifferencetohim.Hisfortunesaremoreorlessatstakeintheissueofevents.Consequentlyhedoeswhateverhecantoinfluencethedirectionpresentoccurrencestake.Oneislikeamaninaprisoncellwatchingtherainoutofthewindow;itisallthesametohim.Theotheri
3、slikeamanwhohasplannedanoutingforthenextdaywhichcontinuingrainwillfrustrate.Hecannot,tobesure,byhispresentreactionsaffectto-morrow'sweather,buthemaytakesomestepswhichwillinfluencefuturehappenings,ifonlytopostponetheproposedpicnic.Ifamanseesacarriagecomingwhich
4、mayrunoverhim,ifhecannotstopitsmovement,hecanatleastgetoutofthewayifheforeseestheconsequenceintime.Inmanyinstances,hecaninterveneevenmoredirectly.Theattitudeofaparticipantinthecourseofaffairsisthusadoubleone:thereissolicitude,anxietyconcerningfutureconsequence
5、s,andatendencytoacttoassurebetter,andavertworse,consequences.Therearewordswhichdenotethisattitude:concern,interest.Thesewordssuggestthatapersonisboundupwiththepossibilitiesinheringinobjects;thatheisaccordinglyonthelookoutforwhattheyarelikelytodotohim;andthat,o
6、nthebasisofhisexpectationorforesight,heiseagertoactsoastogivethingsoneturnratherthananother.Interestandaims,concernandpurpose,arenecessarilyconnected.Suchwordsasaim,intent,end,emphasizetheresultswhicharewantedandstrivenfor;theytakeforgrantedthepersonalattitude
7、ofsolicitudeandattentiveeagerness.Suchwordsasinterest,affection,concern,motivation,emphasizethebearingofwhatisforeseenupontheindividual'sfortunes,andhisactivedesiretoacttosecureapossibleresult.Theytakeforgrantedtheobjectivechanges.Butthedifferenceisbutoneofemp
8、hasis;themeaningthatisshadedinonesetofwordsisilluminatedintheother.Whatisanticipatedisobjectiveandimpersonal;to-morrow'srain;thepossibilityofbeingrunover.Butforanactivebeing,abeing
