英语基础知识复习资料

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1、专题一句子成分1.主语：动作的发出者，或：一个句子中的陈述对象。Helaughed.Swimmingisinteresting.拓展：Helaughsbestwholaughslast.（人称代词和关系代词）Swimmingisinteresting.（动名词作主语）Hiswordsaretrue.（名词作主语）Whathesaidistrue.（主语从句）2.谓语：主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。Heislyingontheground.（动词作谓语,表示：主语状态）拓展：Heiscryingnow.（谓语动词：现在进行时）Ihaveseenthemovie

2、before.（谓语动词：现在完成时）3.宾语：动作的对象或承受者或内容。IloveEnglish.拓展：Ilovehim.（代词作宾语）Ilovedancing.（动名词作宾语）Iwanttoseeyou.（不定式作宾语）Ibelieveyourwords.（名词作宾语）Ibelievewhatyousaid.（从句，即宾语从句）4.宾补：补充、说明宾语的成分。HegraduallyfoundEnglishinteresting.Weallchoosehimmonitor.拓展：HegraduallyfoundEnglishinteresting.（形容词）We

3、allchoosehimmonitor.（名词）Thehotelmakesmeatease.（介词短语）Theteachertoldmetoleaveatonce.（不定式）Canyouseethegirldancingoverthere?（现在分词）11Isawtheboytakentotheoffice.（过去分词）怎么辨别“主—谓—宾—宾”和“主—谓—宾—宾补”？宾语和宾补之间其实是主谓关系。Hecallsmeuncle.[→Iamhisuncle]Isawhimtakenaway.[→Hewastakenaway.]Ifoundhimintheroom.[

4、→Hewasintheroom.]而两个宾语之间不存在主谓关系：Hegavemeabook.[不能理解为：*Iamabook.]5.表语：说明主语的身份、特征、状态的成分,位于系动词后面。Heisateacher.Heistired.拓展：Heisateacher.(名词)Myhobbyisswimming.(动名词)Helooksnice.(形容词)Mysuggestionisthatyoustartatonce.(表语从句)表语通常位于系动词后。英语中有哪些系动词呢？“是”:be,prove,turnout;remain;stay;keep;“变得”：beco

5、me,get,turn,go,fall;“感官”:feel,smell,sound,taste,look,seem,appear系动词具有哪些特征呢？①后面通常跟形容词不跟副词。比较：Shelooksbeautiful.Shesingsbeautifully.②不用被动形式。错误：Thedishistasteddelicious.正确：Thedishtastesdelicious.错误：Tastednice,thedishwaseatenupquickly.正确：Tastingnice,thedishwaseatenupquickly.6.定语：修饰制名词的成分。

6、Heisacarefuldriver.11拓展：Ourchemistryteacherputakindofchemicalsubstanceonthedesk.（名词；形容词）Heisacarefuldriver.（形容词）Heisadriverwhodrivescarefully.（定语从句）Iknowtheboywearingajacket.（现在分词短语）Iliketheboywhoiswearingajacket.（定语从句）IlikethebookswrittenbyLuXun.（过去分词短语）Ilikethebooksthatwerewrittenby

7、LuXun.（定语从句）7.状语：修饰制动词、形容词和句子的成分。IvisitedtheGreatWallyesterday.(时间状语)拓展：Hestudieshard.(副词)Hecoulddanceattheageofseven.(介词短语)Hecoulddancewhenhewasseven.(从句)Iamsorryforcominglate.(介词短语)IamsorrybecauseIamlate.(从句)8.同位语：句子中指代同一事物的另外一个名词短语或名词性从句。IamLiHua,ChairmanoftheStudents’Union.（名词作同位语

8、）Thef