孔子英文介绍ppt课件.pptx

孔子英文介绍ppt课件.pptx

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1、Confucius1.ABriefIntroductionConfucius(551—479BC),knowninChinaasKongzi,givennameQiuandaliasZhongni,wasanativeofZouyi(陬邑)(present-dayQufuinShandongProvince)oftheStateofLuduringtheSpringandAutumnPeriod.Agreatthinker,educatorandfounderofConfucianism,ConfuciusisanancientsagetotheChinesepeople.Hisw

2、ordsandlifestorywererecordedbyhisdisciplesandtheirstudentsinTheAnalects.Ithasinfluencedallthinkers,writersandpoliticiansintheover-2000-year-longhistoryofChinaafterConfucius.2.Confucius:HisPrimaryIdeology2.1ConfuciusonHeaven:theSourceofEverything2.2ConfuciusonPeople:renandli2.3ConfuciusontheSta

3、teofLife2.1ConfuciusonHeaven:theSourceofEverythingIntheShangandZhoudynasties,theprevalentconceptof“Heaven”wasthatofapersonifiedgod.However,Confuciusregarded“Heaven”asnature.Hesaid,“Heavendoesnotspeakinwords.Itspeaksthroughtherotationofthefourseasonsandthegrowthofalllivingthings.”Moreover,natur

4、ewasthegreatworldoflifeandtheprocessofcreationoflife.Humanlifewaspartandparcelofnatureasawhole.Confucius’equationofHeavenwiththecreationoflifewasaninnovativeideainhistime.Thenaturalprocessoflifecreationwasthe“wayofHeaven.”ThisideawaslaterdevelopedinTheBookofChanges,asitstated“Continuouscreatio

5、noflifeischange.”Asthenaturalprocessofcreationoflife,Heavenwasthesourceofalllivingthingsandthesourceofallvalues.Thiswasthe“virtueofHeaven.”Inthenaturalprocessofcreationoflife,Heavenhaditsinnerpurposeincreatingallthingsaswellasprotectingandimprovinglife.Heavenhadoriginatedhumanity,andhumanswere

6、obligedtoaccomplishthispurpose.Inotherwords,humansarebornwithasenseof“heavenlymission,”andthisisthemeaningofhumanlife.Confucian“Heaven”alsohadacertainsacredelement,whichwasrelatedtoitbeingthesourceoflife.ThusConfuciusrequiredpeopletoholdHeaveninawe.Hesaysthatapersonofvirtuemust“respecthisheave

7、nlymission,”listentoandliveoutthepurposeofHeavenbycaringforandimprovinglife.UndertheinfluenceofConfucius,theancientChinesedevelopedasenseofaweandbeliefinHeaven.Ifoneremained“ignorantanddisrespectfulofone’sheavenlymission”bykillingormaim

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