Sulphur-tolerant catalysts in small-scale hydrogen production, a review

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1、internationaljournalofhydrogenenergy37(2012)3978e3992Availableonlineatwww.sciencedirect.comjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/heReviewSulphur-tolerantcatalystsinsmall-scalehydrogenproduction,areviewChristianHulteberg*DepartmentofChemicalEngineering,FacultyofEngineering,LundUniversity,P

2、.O.Box124,22100Lund,SwedenarticleinfoabstractArticlehistory:Theroleofsulphurintheproductionofhydrogeninthesmall-scaleforfuelcellapplica-Received15August2011tionsisanimportanttopicinthedesignofsuchsystemsandthisreviewoftheliteratureReceivedinrevisedformstate-of-the-arthasbeenperformedtoshedl

3、ightonsomeofthepossibletrade-offsthat27November2011willhavetobedoneindesigningthesesystems.Thereview-papersummarisestheliter-Accepted1December2011aturewithrespecttosulphur-ladencatalysisinsmall-scalereforming,includingtheAvailableonline24December2011reformingreactions(steamreforming,partial

4、oxidationandauto-thermalreforming),thewater-gasshiftandthecatalysis-basedCOclean-upmethods(methanationandCOpref-Keywords:erentialoxidation).Byusingsulphur-tolerantcatalysts,thedesignerofthesetypesofSulphursystemshaveahigherdegree-of-freedomdesign-wiseandmayhaveabetterpositioninSteamreformin

5、gfindingoptimumoperatingpointsforthesystems.PartialoxidationTheconclusionsdrawnfromtheliteraturereviewedinturnleadstobelievethatitmayAutothermalreformingbepossibletouseasulphur-ladenfuel,atleastinthereformingstepandintheWGSWater-gasshiftreactionstep.Therealsoseemtobeareasonablepossibilitytoo

6、perateasystemonMethanationasulphur-containingliquidhydrocarbon,assumingthatissueswithgasificationandpre-Preferentialoxidationreformingissorted,withthecatalystsdescribedforthefirstreactionstep.Itishoweverbelievedthatitisadvisabletoremoveanysulphurbeforeperformingalow-temperaturecatalyticgas-po

7、lishingreactionstep.Copyrightª2011,HydrogenEnergyPublications,LLC.PublishedbyElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved.1.Introductionbasis.Hydrogenisoneofthemostimportantbase-chemicalsandismainlyusedintheproductionofammonia-basedThedevelopmentofcatalystsandprocesses