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1、HowtoDistinguishPosedfromSpontaneousSmilesusingGeometricFeaturesMichelF.ValstarHaticeGunesMajaPanticDepartmentofComputingDepartmentofComputerDepartmentofImperialCollegeLondonSystemsComputing/EEMCSmichel.valstar@imperial.ac.ukUniversityofTechnology,ImperialCollegeLondon,SydneyU
2、K/UniversiteitTwente,haticeg@it.uts.edu.auNetherlandsm.pantic@imperial.ac.ukABSTRACT1.INTRODUCTIONAutomaticdistinctionbetweenposedandspontaneousex-Human-to-humaninteractionismultimodal.Peoplenatu-pressionsisanunsolvedproblem.Previouslycognitivesci-rallycommunicatemultimodallyb
3、ymeansoflanguage,tone,ences’studiesindicatedthattheautomaticseparationoffacialexpression,gestureandheadmovement,bodymove-posedfromspontaneousexpressionsispossibleusingthefacementandpostureandpossessarefinedmechanismforthemodality.However,littleisknownabouttheinformationfusionof
4、thesedata.Todate,machinesarenotwellabletofromheadandshouldermotion.Inthiswork,weproposeemulatethisability.to(i)distinguishbetweenposedandspontaneoussmilesbyPsychologicalresearchfindingssuggestthathumansrelyfusinghead,face,andshouldermodalities,(ii)investigateonthecombinedvisual
5、channelsoffaceandbodymorethanwhichmodalitiescarryimportantinformationandhowtheanyotherchannelwhentheymakejudgementsabouthumanmodalitiesrelatetoeachother,and(iii)towhichextentthecommunicativebehaviour[2].However,mostoftheexistingtemporaldynamicsofthesesignalsattributetosolvingt
6、heexpressionanalysersaremonomodalandtargethumanfa-problem.Acylindricalheadtrackerisusedtotrackheadcialaffectanalysis,onlylearningtorecogniseasmallsetofmotionandtwoparticlefilteringtechniquestotrackfacialprototypicalemotionalexpressions[18].Tofacilitatethede-andshouldermotion.Cla
7、ssificationisperformedbykerneltectionofsubtlefacialsignalslikeafrownorawinkinsteadmethodscombinedwithensemblelearningtechniques.Weofprototypicalexpressionsseveralresearchgroupshavebe-investigatedtwoaspectsofmultimodalfusion:thelevelofgunresearchonmachineanalysisoffacialmuscleac
8、tions.abstraction(i.e.,early,mid-level,andlatefusion)andtheTh
