Verzani-SimpleR

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1、simpleR{UsingRforIntroductoryStatisticsJohnVerzani8e+056e+05y4e+052e+0520000400006000080000120000160000pageiPrefaceThesenotesareanintroductiontousingthestatisticalsoftwarepackageRforanintroductorystatisticscourse.Theyaremeanttoaccompanyanintroductorys

2、tatisticsbooksuchasKitchensExploringStatistics".ThegoalsarenottoshowallthefeaturesofR,ortoreplaceastandardtextbook,butrathertobeusedwithatextbooktoillustratethefeaturesofRthatcanbelearnedinaone-semester,introductorystatisticscourse.Thesenoteswerewrit

3、tentotakeadvantageofRversion1.5.0orlater.Forpedagogicalreasonstheequalssign,=,isusedasanassignmentoperatorandnotthetraditionalarrowcombination<-.ThiswasaddedtoRinversion1.4.0.Ifonlyanolderversionisavailablethereaderwillhavetomaketheminoradjustment.The

4、reareseveralreferencestodataandfunctionsinthistextthatneedtobeinstalledpriortotheiruse.Toinstallthedataiseasy,buttheinstructionsvarydependingonyoursystem.ForWindowsusers,youneedtodownloadthezip"le,andtheninstallfromthepackages"menu.InUNIX,oneusesth

5、ecommandRCMDINSTALLpackagename.tar.gz.SomeofthedatasetsareborrowedfromotherauthorsnotablyKitchens.Creditisgiveninthehelplesforthedatasets.ThismaterialisavailableasanRpackagefrom:http://www.math.csi.cuny.edu/Statistics/R/simpleR/Simple0.4.zipforWindow

6、susers.http://www.math.csi.cuny.edu/Statistics/R/simpleR/Simple0.4.tar.gzforUNIXusers.Ifnecessary,thelecansentinanemail.Aswell,theindividualdatasetscanbefoundonlineinthedirectoryhttp://www.math.csi.cuny.edu/Statistics/R/simpleR/Simple.Thisisversion0.

7、4ofthesenotesandwerelastgeneratedonAugust22,2002.Beforeprintingthesenotes,youshouldcheckforthemostrecentversionavailablefromtheCSIMathdepartment(http://www.math.csi.cuny.edu/Statistics/R/simpleR).CopyrightcJohnVerzani(verzani@math.csi.cuny.edu),2001-2

8、.Allrightsreserved.ContentsIntroduction1WhatisR.......................................................1Anoteonnotation..................................................1Data1StartingR.......................................................1Ente