Writing Fundamentals text book

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1、FocusingonWritingParagraphsandShortEssays1TableofContentsChapter1SentenceReview3Chapter2PurposeofWriting24Chapter3StepsintheWritingProcess32Chapter4TheParagraph36Chapter5ParagraphCharacteristics46Chapter6TypesofParagraphs51Chapter7PartsoftheEssay59Chapter8ProcessEssays70Chapter9Divis

2、ion&ClassificationEssays76Chapter10Cause&EffectEssays81Chapter11Compare&ContrastEssay92Chapter12Problems&SolutionEssays1022Chapter1-SentenceReviewBeforebeginningthetaskofwritingparagraphsandessaysthischapterwillreviewsomebasicconceptsofthewritingtask.Theactivityofwritingbeginswithwor

3、dsandthesewordsarebuiltupontoformlargerandlargerunitsorgroupingsofwords.Fromwords,theactivityprogressestophrasesandclausestosentences,toparagraphs,toessays,tounitsorchaptertobooks.Thefirstchapterofthisbookwillbeginwithareviewofphrasesandclausesfollowedbycommonproblemsthatbeginningwri

4、tershavewithclausesandsentences.Nextthechapterwillcoverthedifferentkindsofsentencesthatcanbeusedwhenwriting.PhrasesandclausesAphraseisagroupoftwoormorewordsthathasnosubjectorverb.Lookattheseexamples:Abig,bluetambourineAnamazinglyfastanimal4AAAalkalinebatteriesAclauseisagroupofwordsth

5、atcontainasubjectandaverb.Therearetwokindsofclauses:independentclauses(alsocalledmainclauses)anddependentclauses(alsocalledsubordinateclauses).Anindependentclauseisacompletesentenceandcanstand-alone.Adependentclauseisnotacompletesentenceandcannotstandalone.Itmustbeconnectedtoanindepe

6、ndentclauseinsomeway.Therearethreekindsofdependentclauses:adverbclauses,adjectiveclauses,andnounclauses.Anadverbclauseisadependentclausethatstartswithasubordinatingconjunction.(seebelowforalistofsubordinatingconjunctions).Adverbclausesfunctionasadverbsandmodifyverbs,adjectives,orothe

7、radverbsinanindependentclause.Ittellswhen(time),where(place),why(reason),how,howlong,orhowfar.Anadverbclausecanbeplacedbeforeoraftertheindependentclause.Ifitisplacebeforetheindependentclause,acommamustbeusedtoseparatethetwoclauses.Nocommaisneedediftheadverbclauseisplacedaftertheindep

8、endentclause