Motivation and Personality - 《英文》 动机,动力和人格个性与体育运动心理学

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1、MotivationandPersonalityTheaimofthislessonistounderstandhowanindividual’spersonalityaffectstheirmotivation.Somepeoplearemorenaturallydriventoachievesetgoalsthanothers.Thesepeopleliketopushandchallengethemselves.Whatisitwithinthistypeofpersonthatmotivatesthem?Andwhydoothersnothaveth

2、isdesire?Itisthoughtthatwhenitcomestomotivation,therearetwopersonalitytypes:NeedtoAchieve(NACH)Thesearethepeoplethatthriveonachallenge.Theyareusuallydetermined,quickworkerswhotakerisksandenjoybeingassessed.Mostsportspeoplefallintothisgroup.NeedtoAvoidFailure(NAF)Thesepeopletendtoav

3、oidchallengesbecausetheydonotwanttoriskfailing.Theyareslowworkerswhoavoidresponsibility,areeasilydissuadedfromtakingpartanddonotlikebeingassessed.Withinthosewhocompeteinsports,therearethosewhoareegoorientedandthosewhoaretaskoriented.Egooriented-measuretheirsuccessonbeatingothersand

4、beingthe'top'competitorTaskoriented-Measuretheirsuccessbytheirownachievementssuchasrunningap.b.Self-ConfidenceTheCanadianpsychologistAlbertBanduraidentifiedaspecificformofconfidence,knownasself-efficacy.Thisisnotanoverallself-confidencebutvarieswithineachsituationwefindourselvesin.

5、Mostpeoplewillchoosetoparticipateinsportsatwhichtheyhaveahighself-efficacyorbeliefintheirabilityatthetaskinhand.Self-efficacyisaffectedbyfourfactors:Performanceaccomplishments-Pastachievementsintheactivityencourageafeelingofself-efficacyVicariousexperiences-Seeingsomeoneelse,whoyou

6、believetobeofthesameorlowerstandardtoyourself,completethetaskwellprovidesconfidencethatyoutoocanachieveVerbalpersuasion-EncouragementandpositivewordsfromthoseclosetoyoucaninstilasenseofconfidenceEmotionalarousal-Controloverarousallevelsprovidesgreaterself-efficacyThesefourfactorsca

7、nhelpathleteswithlowself-efficacytoboosttheirconfidenceandperformbetterby:SettingachievablegoalsandhighlightingsuccessesUsingapeertodemonstratenewtechniquesPromotingsupportandencouragementfromtheathletesfamilyandfriendsUsingstressmanagementtechniquestoaidrelaxationExperiencePastper

8、formancesandexperienceswil