4、:勒杀(strangulation)、哮吼(croup)、会厌炎(epiglottitis)、甲状腺肿(thyroid goiter)、异物误吸(foreign-body aspiration)、甲状腺机能减退(hypothroidism)、血肿(hematoma)、困难插管(difficuh intubation)、喉内异物卡塞(biting of a laryngeal mass)、气管内浓缩的分泌物(inspissated tracheal secre tions)、插管病人气道阻力增加(raised airway resistance in intubated pa