analytical politics & public choice ut college of ：分析政治&；公共选择 ut大学.ppt

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1、AnalyticalPoliticsMelvinHinich1.Citizenshavedefinedtradablepropertyrights2.Anoncorruptjudicialsystemthatdefendsthesepropertyrights3.Localgovernmentswiththepowertotaxforlocalpublicservices4.Competitiveelectionsfortheexecutive&legislativebranches7.Protectionofcivilrightsincludingreligioustoleration8

2、.Manypeopleunderstandhowpoliticsaffectstheirinterests&thatThereisnotsomethingfornothing6.Astablecurrency&asoundbankingsystemAStableDemocracyRequiresthese8Attributes5.Apoliticalbalancebetweentheexecutive&thelegislatureAispreferredtoBbyOne&TwoCondorcet’sCounterExampleBispreferredtoCbyOne&ThreeCispre

3、ferredtoAbyTwo&ThreeMajorityrulecanyieldacycleoverthechoices!AgendasAversusB-thewinneragainstCAversusC-thewinneragainstBBversusC-thewinneragainstAPreferenceModelVotershavequadraticutilityfunctionsVoterv'squadraticutilityforpartyp’spolicypositionVoteridealpositionPartycredibilityscoreWeights-Weight

4、edEuclideanPreferenceLatentIdeologicalSpace1Issuepositionscluster:IfIknowwhatyouthinkondefenseandenvironmentalpolicy,Icanguesswhatyouthinkofschoollunchsubsidies.2Sharedmeaning:Thisclusteringphenomenonisnotpurelyatomistic,sothatideologicalpositionssuchas“liberal”and“conservative”havesimilarmeanings

5、todifferentpeople.3Constraint:Iftheeffectivespaceofpoliticalconflictis“ideological”inthesenseabove,thestrategiesofcandidates(andhencethechoicesforvoters)inthepolicyspacearehighlyconstrained.Communication:Toprovidevoterswithamessagetheycanunderstandandusetomakechoices,partiesmustsimplifytheirmessag

6、e.Becauseonlybroadstatementsofprinciplescanbeusedinadvertisingandposition-taking,thelatitudeformoresubtledistinctionsanddifferencesishighlycircumscribed.Ideologicalpositionsemergeforsolvingproblemsofuncertaintyandlackofinformation.Thespaceevolvesasgroupsstruggletoalterthestatusquo.TheLinearLinkage

7、Modelvoteri’sidealpointinanissuespacei’sperceptionofcandidatep’sissuepositionscandidatep’spositionina2Dideologicalspacei’sperceptionofthestatusquopoliciesIdealPointontheIdeologicalSpaceUtilityfunctionLinkagebetwe