3_建模_精简 (2)

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1、Chapter2OverviewoftheOperationsResearchModelingApproachTheusualphasesofanORstudyisthefollowing:Definetheproblemofinterestandgatherrelevantdata.Formulateamathematicalmodeltorepresenttheproblem.Developacomputer-basedprocedureforderivingsolutionstotheproblemfromthemodel.Testthemodeland

2、refineitasneeded.Preparefortheongoingapplicationofthemodelasprescribedbymanagement.Implement2.1DefiningtheProblemandGatheringDataMostpracticalproblemsaredescribedinavague,impreciseway.WemustdetermineTheappropriateobjectivesconstraintsinterrelationshipsoftheorganizationpossiblealtern

3、ativecoursesofactiontimelimits…...ProblemdefinitionHowtoascertainappropriateobjectivesIdentifythemembersofmanagementwhoactuallywillbemakingthedecisionsandprobeintothisindividual’sthinkingregardingthepertinentobjectives.Concernwiththeentireorganizationratherthanthatofonlycertainofits

4、componentsForExample:Forprofit-makingorganizations:theobjectivemaybe:Inactualpractice,anumberofU.S.Corporationstendstoadoptthegoalofsatisfiedprofits,combinewithotherobjectives.Butprofitmaximization.What?Theowners(stockholder,etc.):desireprofitsTheemployees:desiresteadyemploymentatre

5、asonablewagesThecustomers:areliableproductatareasonablepriceThesuppliers:integrityandareasonablesellingpricefortheirgoodsThegovernmentandthenation:paymentoffairtaxesandconsiderationofthenationalinterestThebusinessfirm:satisfiedprofitsGatheringRelevantDataabouttheProblemBecause:togai

6、nanaccurateunderstandingoftheproblemtoprovidetheneededinputforthemathematicalmodelToinstallacomputer-basedmanagementinformationsystemtocollectthenecessarydataonanongoingbasisandintheneededform.Toenlisttheassistanceofindividualsintheorganizationtotrackdownallthevitaldata.Tospendconsi

7、derabletimetoimprovetheprecisionofthedata.Why?HowDiscussion1:AnORstudydonefortheSanFranciscoPoliceDepartment,resultedinthedevelopmentofacomputerizedsystemforoptimallyschedulinganddeployingpolicepatrolofficers.Thenewsystemprovidedannualsavingsof$11million,anannual$3millionincreaseint

8、rafficcitationreven