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1、TheChangingRighttotheCity:UrbanRenewalandHousingRightsinGlobalizingShanghaiandMumbaiLizaWeinsteinNortheasternUniversityXuefeiRen∗MichiganStateUniversityThisarticleexaminesthechanginghousingrightsregimesamidsttheurbanre-newalcurrentlyunderwayinShanghaiandMumbai.Weexaminethepoliciesandregulat
2、ionsthatgovernresidentialsecurityandhousingtenure,thealterationofpolicyimplementationsbyelectoralandextra-electoralcontestations,andtheop-portunitiesandstrategiesforhousingactivismineachcontext.Wefindthatpoliticalcontestationshaveenabledtheconstructionofamoreprotective,althoughprecari-ous,r
3、egimeinMumbaithaninShanghai.Despitestrikingdifferences,inbothcon-textshousingrightsregimeshaveproducedfragmentedurbancitizenshiprightsbydistributingprotectionsunevenlyandinconsistentlytourbanresidents.Finally,althoughtheformsofhousingactivismdiffer,residentsandcivilsocietygroupsinbothShangh
4、aiandMumbaiemployavarietyofstrategiesintheirresistanceagainstdemolitionsandurbanrenewal.Intheprocess,theybecomeactiveurbancitizensbyarticulatingtheirrightstohousingandbymakingnewclaimstothecity.InhisrecentreflectionsonLefebvre’sclassicessay,TheRighttotheCity,DavidHarvey(2003a,p.939)assertst
5、hat“therighttothecityisnotmerelyarightofaccesstowhatalreadyexists,butarighttochangeitafterourheart’sdesire”.Inthisarticle,wecontendthatbothsetsofrights—therightofaccessandtherighttochangethecity—aresociallyandpoliticallystructured,situatedinparticularlegalinstitutions,politicalactions,andcu
6、lturallymediatedcontexts.Toillustratethisclaim,wehighlighttheurbanrenewalef-fortscurrentlyunderwayinShanghaiandMumbai,comparinginstitutionalreformsandpoliticalmachinationsinthecities,andreflectinguponthechangingrighttoeachcity.Employingacomparativeapproach,ouranalysisrevealstheparticularman
7、nerinwhichtherighttothecityissociallyandpoliticallystructured.Insodoing,weadoptHarvey’stwo-partcharacterization,analyzingthechangingregimesofaccess,specificallyaroundhousingrights,andtheopportunitiestoresistthoseregimesandtoemploymeasurestoshapethem.With
