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1、TowardaRobotModelofAttention-DeficitHyperactivityDisorder(ADHD)∗ChristianBalkeniusPetraBj¨orneLundUniversityCognitiveScienceKungshuset,Lundag˚ardS-22222Lund,Sweden1IntroductionThecoredeficitinattentiondeficit/hyperactivitydisorder(ADHD)continuestopresentanenigmatoscientists,pr
2、ofessionalsandparentsalike.Medicationwithmethylphenidatehastosomeextentprovensuccessful,butitisstillnotknownexactlywhatpartsofthedeficitsinADHDmedicationinfluences.ItisthusimportanttofurtherdelineatethenatureofADHDandthoroughlyinvestigatethepossiblesubtypes.Inthispaperwedescr
3、ibesomeexperimentsinvestigatingthenatureofin-hibition,resourceallocation,sustainedandselectiveattention,distractibilityandtaskswitchingamongchildrenwithADHD.TheconclusionscouldbeusedtoadvocatefordifferentmodelsofADHD,e.g.,amodelofdeficientresponseinhibitionoramodelofnon-optim
4、alresourceallocation.BelowwepresentourfirststepstowardarobotmodelofADHD.Thecom-putationalmodelcanreproducesomeofthebehaviorsshowninchildrenwithADHDinexperimentalsituations.Themodelsuggeststhatadeficiencyinahypothesisedcontextsystemcanexplainsomeofthesuperficiallydisconnectedpr
5、oblemsinADHD.ThecomputerimplementationisafirststeptowardarobotsystemthatwillmodelawiderrangeofbehaviorsinADHDandpotentiallyotherrelateddisorders.2DiagnosisADHDisacognitiveandbehavioraldisorderwithinthreeareas:inattention,hyperactivity,andimpulsivity.TobediagnosedashavingADHD
6、accordingtoDSM-IV(AmericanPsychiatricAssociation,1994)thefollowingcriteriamustbemet:∗OriginallypublishedasBalkenius,C.&Bj¨orne,P.(2001).TowardaRobotModelofAttention-DeficitHyperactivityDisorder.InBalkenius,C.,Zlatev,J.,Kozima,H.,Dauten-hahn,K.,andBreazeal,C.(Eds.)Proceedings
7、ofthefirstinternationalworkshoponepigeneticrobotics:modelingcognitivedevelopmentinroboticsystems.LundUniversityCognitiveStud-ies,85.1A.Either(1)or(2):1.Inattention:atleast6ofthefollowingsymptomsofinattentionhavepersistedforatleast6monthstoadegreethatismaladaptiveandinconsist
8、entwithdevelopmentallevel:(a)oftenfailstogivecloseattentiontodetailsormakescareles
