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1、TransitioninCityPlanninginTokyoByBureauofCityPlanningTokyoMetropolitanGovernment1CityWardImprovementandItsResultsCityplanninginTokyobeganwiththe"CityWardImprovementDesign"(olddesign)announcedin1889,whichwasbasedontheCityWardImprovementOrdinanceenactedin1888.Planningbasedonthe
2、CityWardImprovementDesigntargetedtheregionofthecitywards(theareaoftheold15wards).Itscontentscoveredroads,rivers,bridges,railroads,publicparks,markets,crematoriums,andgraveyards.In1890waterworksplanningwasadded.However,revenueproblemswereencounteredandthecitywardimprovementpro
3、jectwasgreatlydelayed.ThusaCityWardImprovementNewDesignwasannouncedin1903basedonselectionoftheminimumitemsforimprovement.(1)WaterWorksTheinitialcitywardimprovementprojectmadetheprovisionofmodernwaterworksforTokyoapriorityinordertodealwiththerepeatedoccurrenceoffiresandtheprev
4、alenceofcommunicablediseases.WorkontheFirstWaterWorksImprovementProjectbeganin1891andwascompletedin1899.(2)RoadConstructionAftertheopeningofurbanrailwaysin1903,theneedforprovisionofroadsunderthecitywardimprovementprojectwasrecognized.123roadswithanextensionofabout175kilometer
5、swereplanned,andhadbeenlargelycompletedby1918.However,urbanrailways(streetcars)werelaidoutonalmostallofthese.(3)UrbanAreaDevelopmentDevelopmentoftheMarunouchidistrictproceededaspartofthecitywardimprovementproject.ThisincludedthebuildingofroadsnearthemoataroundtheImperialPalac
6、eandthedevelopmentofHibiyaPark.Awestern-styleofficedistrictwasbuiltthatwascalled"LittleLondon,"andTokyoStationwasopenedin1914.2EarthquakeRecoveryandCityPlanningTheCityWardImprovementOrdinancewasrepealedin1919.Initsplace,theCityPlanningLawandUrbanBuildingsLawwereenacted.Inacco
7、rdancewiththeseregulations,amongotherthings,anareaanddistrictsystemwasintroducedasalandutilizationplanandalandrezoningprojectwasintroducedasasystemforurbanareadevelopment.Therewerethreetypesoflanduseareasatthattime:residential,commercial,andindustrial,withregulationsaboutrest
8、rictionson,orinducementsfor,theestablishmentoffactories.(Therewereot
