chapter实验室的工具研究微生物的方法

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1、ToolsoftheLaboratory（实验）Chapter3MainThemesMethodsofCulturing（培养）Microorganisms（微生物）TheMicroscope（显微镜）Overthepast30years,nearly20newinfectious（传染性的）agents（介质）haveappearedsuddenlyandunexpectedly（意外的）.ChapterOverviewAdrivingforceofmicrobiologyhasbeentofindwaystovisualize（

2、显现）andhandle（处置）microorganisms;Microbesaremanagedandcharacterized（概括特征）byimplementingtheFiveI,S;Themicroscopeisapowerfultoolformagnifying（放大）andresolvingcellsandtheirparts;MethodsofCulturingMicroorganismsProblems:Mosthabitats（栖息地）harbor（居住）microbesincomplex（复杂的）associa

3、tions,soitisoftennecessarytoseparatethespeciesfromoneanother;Tomaintainandkeeptrackof（了解）suchsmallreserarchsubjects,mircrobiologists（微生物学家）usuallyhavetogrowthemunderartificialconditions;Theyareinvisibleandwidelydistributes（分布广泛）,andundesirable（意外的）onescanbeintroducedin

4、toanexperimentandcausemisleadingresults.Ifyouwanttostudyaspecified（特定地）microorganism,youshoulddoexperimentsstepbysetp-------accordingtotheFiveI,S.INOCULATION:PRODUCINGACULTURETocultivate（培养）microorganisms,oneintroduces（引入）atinysampleintoacontainer（容器）ofnutrient（营养物）med

5、ium,whichprovidesanenvironmentinwhichtheymultiply（繁殖）.Thisprocessiscalledinoculation(接种).ISOLATION:SEPARATEONESPECIESFROMANOTHERIfanindividualbacterialcellisseparatedfromothercellsandprovidedadequate（充足的）spaceonanutrientsurface,itwillgrowintoadiscrete（分立的）mound（堆积物）ofc

6、ellscalledacolony(菌落).IsolationTechniqueMethodsforisolatingbacteriaThespreadingtoolMEDIA:PROVIDINGNUTRIENTSINTHELABORATORYAmedium（培养基）isaliquidorgel（凝胶）designedtosupportthegrowthofmicroorganismsorcells.TypesofMediaPhysicalformChemicalcomposition（组成）Functionaltype(table

7、3.1)PhysicalStatesofMediaLiquidmediaaredefinedaswater-basedthatdonotsolidify（固化）attemperaturesabovefreezingandthattendtoflowfreelywhenthecontaineristilted（倾斜）.SampleliquidmediaSemilolidmediaTheycontainsomeanamountofsolidifyingagentthatthickensthembutdoesnotproduceafirm

8、substrate（基础）.SamplesemisolidmediaSolidmediaSolidmediaprovideafirmsurfaceonwhichcellscanformdiscretecoloniesandareadv