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1、Atta-ur-Rahman(Ed.)StudiesinNaturalProductsChemistry,Vol24'4732000ElsevierScienceB.V.NATURALPRODUCTSASANTIVIRALAGENTSKHALIDA.ELSAVEDMedicinalAromaticandPoisonousPlantsResearchCenter,CollegeofPharmacy,KingSandUniversity,P,0,Box2457,Riyadh11451,SaudiArabia
2、ABSTRACT:Sincetheancienttimes,naturalproductshaveservedasamajorsourceofdrugs.Aboutfiftypercentoftoday'spharmaceuticaldrugsarederivedfromnaturalorigin.Interestinnaturalproductsasasourceofnewdrugsisgrowingduetomanyfactorsthatwillbediscussedinthisarticle.Vi
3、ruseshavebeenresistanttotherapyorprophylaxislongerthananyotherformoflife.Currently,thereareonlyfewdrugsavailableforthecureofviraldiseasesincludingacyclovirwhichismodeledonanaturalproductparent.Inordertocombatviruseswhichhavedevastatingeffectsonhumans,ani
4、mals,insects,cropplants,fungiandbacteria,manyresearcheffortshavebeendevotedforthediscoveryofnewantiviralnaturalproducts.Recentanalysisofthenumberandsourcesofantiviralagentsreportedmainlyintheannualreportsofmedicinalchemistryfrom1984to1995indicatedthatsev
5、enoutoftensyntheticagentsapprovedbyFDAbetween1983-1994,aremodeledonanaturalproductparent.Ithasbeenestimatedthatonly5-15%oftheapproximately250,000speciesofhigherplantshavebeensystematicallyinvestigatedforthepresenceofbioactivecompoundswhilethepotentialoft
6、hemarineenvironmenthasbarelybeentapped.Theaimofthisreviewistoprovideanoverviewonthecentralroleofnaturalproductsinthediscoveryanddevelopmentofnewantiviraldrugsbydisplaying340structuresofplant,marineandmicrobialoriginthatshowpromisinginvitroantiviralactivi
7、ty.INTRODUCTIONNaturalProductsasaSourceforNewDrugs:MeritsandObstaclesSincetheancienttimes,naturalproductshaveservedasamajorsourceofdrugs.Aboutfiftypercentoftoday'spharmaceuticaldrugsarederivedfromnaturalorigin[1].Thegrowinginterestinnaturalproductsasasou
8、rceofnewdrugscanbeattributedtomanyfactorsincludingurgenttherapeuticneeds,thewiderangeofbothchemicalstructuresandbiologicalactivitiesofnaturalsecondarymetabolites,theadequacyofbioactivenaturalproductsasbiochemicalandmolecul
