10.1.1.137.1623

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1、Eur.J.Phys.19(1998)231–235.PrintedintheUKPII:S0143-0807(98)88729-1TheplanereflectiongratingrevisitedUMTBuckleyandFADeeneyPhysicsDepartment,UniversityCollege,Cork,IrelandReceived27October1997Abstract.Modernreplicaplanereflectiongratingsarenoweasilyandcheaplyavailable.Theseenablehi

2、gh-precisionopticalspectroscopytobecarriedoutintheundergraduateteachinglaboratory.Weillustratethisbydescribingexperimentalmeasurements(i)ontheseparationofthesodiumdoubletsand(ii)ontheratioofthemassoftheprotontothemassoftheelectron.1.IntroductionInhisbookRadiationandOptics(Stone

3、1963)JohnMStonesuggeststhat`inthehistoryofphysicsthediffractiongratingstandsoutasoneofthemostimportantinstruments,comparablewiththepresentaccelerators'.Inthe19thcentury,upuntil1891whenMichelsonintroducedtheinterferometer,thegratingprovidedtheonlywayofaccuratelymeasuringthechara

4、cteristicwavelengthsoflinespectra.In1882HARowlanddevelopedrulingenginestoproducereflectiongratingsbycuttingparallellinesonasurfacetoanaccuracywhichisastoundingevenbytoday'sstandards.Enginesweremadethatcouldproducemorethan14000rulingsperinchonaflatsurface.Thefirstsuchgratingswereri

5、ghtlyregardedasmasterpiecesofdesignandweretreatedassuch.InthePhysicsDepartmentatUniversityCollege,Corkthereisaplanereflectiongratingfrom1889initsoriginalpaddedboxwiththenameoftheengraver,numberofrulingsandplace,monthandyearofmanufactureproudlyscratchedintinywritingonitssurface.N

6、owadays,ofcourse,itispossibletoproducehigh-qualityreplicagratingsinlargequantitiesandatamodestprice.Theblazedplanereflectiongratingwithanominal600linespermmthatweusedintheworkdescribedhere,waspurchasedfromEdmundsScientificforlessthan$30.Theconstructionofaneasilybuiltspectroscopei

7、sdescribedbyThompson(1996).Inthispaperweshowthatwithsuchareflectiongratingandareasonablequalityteachingspectrometer,astudentcangetaflavourofhigh-resolutionopticalspectroscopy.(Wewillusetheterm`reflectiongrating'throughouttorefertoplanereflectiongratingsonly.Concavegratings,alsoinve

8、ntedbyRowland,arewidelyusedforIRandUVspectroscopybutdo