2004_Swadesh_100

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1、1Swadesh100onJapanese,KoreanandAltaicMartineROBBEETSKeywords:Japanese,Korean,Altaic,basicvocabulary,geneticrelationshipTheAltaicoriginofJapaneseisamongthemostdisputedquestionsoflanguagehistory.Giventhislackofconsensus,anargumentthatisoftenadvancedis:“thereisnobasicvocabularyrelatingJapanesetoK

2、oreanandAltaic”.Thepresentpaperinvestigatesthispostulationfromamethodologicalanddata-orientedperspective.Firstitseekstoadvanceamoreprecisemethodologyinvolvingtheconceptofbasicvocabulary.Nextitevaluatestheetymologicalproposalsmadesofar,relatingJapanesebasicvocabularyitemstoKoreanandAltaic.Start

3、ingfrom92basicvocabularyitemsoutofSwadesh100listforwhichanetymologyrelatingtheJapaneseentrytoKoreanandAltaichasbeenpresentedinthepast,41etymologiesstandtheselectioncriteria.ThepaperconcludesthatthesimilaritieswefindbetweenJapanese,KoreanandAltaicaremorelikelytobetheresultofcommongeneticinherit

4、ancethanofborrowing.1.The“yes-no”debateIsJapaneseanAltaiclanguage,ornot?Thequestionisundoubtedlyoneofthehotspotsofcontemporaryhistoricallinguistics.FormanylinguiststodaytheAltaicaffinityofJapaneseremainswhatitoriginallywas:aquestion.Thelackofaglobalstateoftheartleadstothedisseminationofextreme

5、answerstotheAltaicquestionforJapanese,rangingfromanabsolute‘no’(Doerfer1974;Unger1990;Nichols1992;Janhunen1992,1994;Kiyose2002;Sho@gaito2002;Vovin2003;Kuribayashi2004)toanexclamatory‘yes!’(vonSiebold1832;Boller1857;Ramstedt1924;Murayama1958,1966;Miller1971;Menges1975;Street-Miller1975;Street19

6、77;Finch1987;Starostin1991;Vovin1994a,b;Wang1999;Itabashi2001;Starostin-Dybo-Mudrak2003).Giventhis“yes-no”debateontheAltaicaffiliationquestionofJapanese,anargumentthatisoftenheardis“thereisnobasicvocabularyrelatingJapanesetoKoreanandAltaic”.Asearlyas1820Abel-Rémusatexpressedhisdoubtsontheexist

7、enceofanAltaiclanguagefamilycomprisingTurkic,MongolianandTungusic,arguingthatthelanguagesinquestiondidnotshareasufficientamountofbasicvocabulary.Sincethentheconceptofsharedbasicvocabularyhasbeenusedwidelyinattemptstorefuteortosupportthe