2009Regional Differences in Craniofacial Diversity and the

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1、AMERICANJOURNALOFPHYSICALANTHROPOLOGY000:000–000(2009)RegionalDifferencesinCraniofacialDiversityandthePopulationHistoryofJomonJapan12TsunehikoHanihara*andHajimeIshida1DepartmentofAnatomyandBiologicalAnthropology,SagaMedicalSchool,Saga849-8501,Japan2DepartmentofAnatomy,Fac

2、ultyofMedicine,UniversityoftheRyukyus,Okinawa903-0215,JapanKEYWORDSintraregionalvariation;populationstructure;R-matrixmethod;peoplingofNortheastAsiaABSTRACTThepeopleassociatedwiththeJomonversityretainsitsidentity.TheHokkaidoregion,theculture,theNeolithicinhabitantsofJapan

3、,areoneofnorthernmostpartoftheJapanesearchipelago,hasthethekeygroupsinthepopulationhistoryofEastAsia,highestvariance,followedbytheregionsofeasternbecausetheyretainmanyarchaiccharactersthatmayJapan,whilethesouthwesternregionshavethelowestbetracedbacktoEurasianUpperPalaeoli

4、thichunter–variance.ThesefindingssuggestthattheJomonances-gatherers.Inthisstudy,theregionaldiversityofthetorsofthenorthernpartofJapanmighthaveexpandedJomonskeletalserieswasestimatedbyapplyingtheR-southwardtoHonshuIsland.Globalanalysesincludingmatrixmethodto34craniofacialme

5、asurements.ThesamplesfromEurasia,Africa,andAustraliadatingpatternsofintraregionalvariationindicatelittleeffectroughlytothesamechronologicalperiodsasthoseoftheonthegeneticstructureoftheJomonfromlong-termJomonsamples,indicatethattheJomoncranialseriesgeneflowstemmingfromanout

6、sidesource.Theregionalsharepartoftheirancestralgenepoolwithearlynorth-diversitieswerefurtherestimatedbypoolingallindivid-easternAsians.Thepresentfindingssupportthearcheo-ualsintoregionalaggregates,andbycomputingthelogicallysuggestedpopulationgrowthandexpansioninmeanvarianc

7、ewithinlocalgroupsineachregion.thenorthernhalfoftheEurasiancontinentduringtheAlthoughthepatternofphenotypicvariationdifferslatePleistoceneandearlyHoloceneperiods.AmJPhysdependingontheunitofanalysis,thegradientofthedi-Anthropol000:000–000,2009.VC2008Wiley-Liss,Inc.Acultura

8、ltraditionknownasthe‘‘Jomonculture’’Pietrusewsky,2006),questionsofthespecificgeographicdevelopedi