《兒童期疾患》ppt课件

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1、PowerPointLectureNotesPresentationDisordersofChildhood兒童期疾患AbnormalPsychology,TenthEditionbyAnnM.Kring,GeraldC.Davison,JohnM.Neale,&SheriL.JohnsonClassificationandDiagnosisofChildhoodDisorders兒童期疾患的分類和診斷Developmentalpsychopathology發展的心理病理學Studiesdiso

2、rdersofchildhoodwithinthecontextofnormalchilddevelopment在正常兒童發展的背景脈絡下研究兒童期的疾患Externalizingdisorders外化性疾患Characterizedbyoutwardbehaviors以外化性的行為為其特性Noncompliance,aggressiveness,overactivity,impulsiveness不服從,攻擊,過動,衝動Morecommoninboys在男孩較普遍Internalizingdiso

3、rders內化性疾患Characterizedbyinwardbehaviors以向化的行為為其特性Depression,anxiety,socialwithdrawal憂鬱,焦慮,社會退縮Morecommoningirls在女孩較普遍2Copyright2005JohnWiley&Sons,NYTable14.1ChaptersWhereDisordersareDiscussedThatOccurinBothChildrenandAdults在兒童和成人身上皆會發生的疾患章節3Copyright2

4、005JohnWiley&Sons,NYAttentionDeficit/HyperactivityDisorder注意力不足/過動疾患Excessivelevelsofactivity過多的活動Fidgeting,squirming,runningaroundwheninappropriate,incessanttalking不安,扭動,不恰當的走動,不停的說話Distractabilityanddifficultyconcentrating分心和有困難集中Makescarelessmistake

5、s,can’tfollowinstructions,forgetful粗心犯錯,不能聽從指令,健忘Mustbesevereandpersistent必須嚴重且持續Presentforatleast6monthsandcauseimpairmentsinfunctioning持續至少六個月並產生功能的受損4Copyright2005JohnWiley&Sons,NYAttentionDeficit/HyperactivityDisorder注意力不足/過動疾患ThreesubcategoriesinD

6、SM-IV-TR在DSM-IV-TR中可分為三個亞型：Predominantlyinattentivetype主要為不注意型Predominantlyhyperactive-impulsivetype主要為過動-易衝動型Combinedtype複合型Differentialdiagnosis鑑別診斷ADHDorConductDisorder?注意力不足過動疾患或品性疾患？ADHD注意力不足過動疾患Moreoff-taskbehavior,cognitive&achievementdeficits較多

7、無法達成工作的行為,認知和成就上缺陷ConductDisorder品行疾患Moreaggressive,actoutinmostsettings,antisocialparents,familyhostility較多攻擊性,常出現動作外化行為,反社會性父母,家人敵意5Copyright2005JohnWiley&Sons,NYAttentionDeficit/HyperactivityDisorder注意力不足/過動疾患ADHDoftencomorbidwithanxietyanddepressio

8、n通常和焦慮和憂鬱共病Prevalenceestimates2to7%盛行率估計約2到7％Symptomspersistbeyondchildhood症狀在兒童期之後仍持續Moststillmeetcriteriainadolescence大部分在青少年期仍符合準則6Copyright2005JohnWiley&Sons,NYEtiologyofADHD注意力不足過動疾患的病因學Geneticfactors遺傳因素Twinstudies雙生子研究Heritabilit