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1、PhysicaC468(2008)2143–2148ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectPhysicaCjournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/physcLarge-capacitycurrentleadsA.Ballarino*CERN,EuropeanOrganizationforNuclearResearch,1211Geneva23,SwitzerlandarticleinfoabstractArticlehistory:Feedingsupe
2、rconductingmagnetswithreliablelow-lossdevicesisakeyissueforanycryo-electricalsys-Availableonline1July2008tem.ConventionalorHTScurrentleadscanbeused,andcoolingmethods,materials,andgeometriescanbechosentooptimizethethermo-electricalperformanceofthesystem.TheLHCmagnetsa
3、repoweredPACS:viamorethan3000currentleadstransportingaltogetherabout3MAofcurrent.Withthousandsofleads,29.20.ctheLHCleadprojectrepresentstodaythelargestprojectofitskindeverundertaken.Followingareview74.72.hoftheLHCleadproject,anoverviewofthechoicesthatcanbemadeforth
4、eoptimizationoflargecapacity85.25.jcurrentleadsispresented.ExamplesaregivenofotherleadsforlargescalemagnetsystemsforwhichtheuseofHTSisbeingenvisaged.Keywords:Ó2008ElsevierB.V.Allrightsreserved.CurrentleadsHightemperaturesuperconductorsPowering1.Introductionpendonthe
5、materialpropertiesandareduetotheWiedemann–Franzlaw,canbeimprovedbyreplacingthebottompartoftheThepoweringofasuperconductingsystemreliesonwarmandconventionalleadwithHighTemperatureSuperconducting(HTS)coldelectricalcomponents.Powerconverters,protectionelements,material,
6、characterizedbylowthermalconductivityandzeroelec-aswellasnormalandsuperconductingbuses,arechosentomatchtricalresistivity.Inthisway,areductionofheatloadintothecryo-thestaticanddynamiccharacteristicsofthesystemand,inthegenicbathofafactorofabout10canbereadilyachieved[2]
7、.Thecaseoflargescalemagnetsystemssuchasthoseofparticleaccel-correspondentsavingintotalexergeticcostoftherefrigerationde-erators,totakeintoaccounttheintegratednatureofthemachine.pendsonthecooling,i.e.typeandtemperatureoftheavailableThecurrentleadsthatprovidetheelectri
8、callinkbetweenroomcryogen,andonthedesignoftheresistiveupperpartofthelead,temperatureandthecryogenicenvironmentalsolinktheenviron-bu
