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1、Lingua122(2012)164176ContentslistsavailableatScienceDirectLinguajournalhomepage:www.elsevier.com/locate/linguaLexicalsimilarityandspeechproduction:NeighborhoodsfornonwordsRebeccaScarboroughUniversityofColorado,295UCB,Boulder,CO80309,UnitedStatesARTICLEINFOABSTRACTArticlehistory:Lexicalsimilarityhas
2、beenshowntoplayaroleinspeechproduction(asinspeechReceived9March2011perception).Inproduction,wordswithmanyphonologicallysimilarneighbors,i.e.,thoseReceivedinrevisedform26May2011thatarephonologicallysimilartoalargenumberofotherwords,areproducedwithmoreAccepted14June2011hyperarticulatedvowelsthanwords
3、withfewerneighbors(Wright,1997;MunsonandAvailableonline3September2011Solomon,2004).Theexperimentspresentedherefurtherinvestigatetherolethatlexicalsimilarity,expressedintermsofphonologicalneighborhooddensity,playsinthedetailsofKeywords:phoneticimplementation,lookingatnasalcoarticulationinparticular.
4、AndthewayinNeighborhooddensityNonwordswhichthegrammarmightproducesucheffectsisprobedbylookingforneighborhood-Nasalcoarticulationconditionedeffectsinnotonlyrealwords,butalsononsensewords.HyperarticulationEightspeakersofAmericanEnglishproduced48highlyfamiliarCVNorNVCwordsand48similarCVNorNVCword-like
5、nonsensewordswitheithermanyorfewphonologicallysimilarneighbors(wordsdifferingfromthetargetwordbyasinglephoneme).Lexicalfrequencyandsegmentalcontextwerebalancedacrossneighborhoodconditions.Degreeofnasalcoarticulationwasmeasuredacousticallyoneachvowel(A1-P0)(Chen,1997),alongwithvoweldurationandspectr
6、alhyperarticulation.Analysisshowedthatrealwords(bothCVNsandNVCs)fromdenseneighborhoods(e.g.,band,mug)wereconsistentlyandreliablyproducedwithmorecoarticulationandmorehyperarticulationthanwordsfromsparseneighborhoods(e.g.,stem,mouth).Voweldurationwasnotaffected.Thesameconsistenteffectsofneighborhoodw
7、erefoundfornonsensewordsaswell(e.g.,gand,mubvs.blem,maub)forapproximatelyhalfofthespeakersinthestudy.Theotherspeakersshowedconsistentlyoppositeeffectsfornonsensewords(i.e.,greaternasalcoarticulationandhyper
