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ID:40085192
大小:3.65 MB
页数:718页
时间:2019-07-20
《Microeconomic Theory Basic Principles and Extensions, 9th Edition.》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、CHAPTER1ECONOMICMODELSThisbookillustrateshowmodelsareusedbyeconomiststoexplainthepricingofgoodsandservices.Itsgoalistoprovidestudentswithastrongfoundationfortheirlaterworkinboththeoreticalandappliedfieldsineconomics.Thisfirstchapterislargelyphilosophicalinna-ture.Itlooksattheroleofmodelinginsci
2、enceandreviewsabitofthehistoryofeconomics.4Part1IntroductionTheoreticalModelsAmoderneconomyisaverycomplicatedplace.Thousandsoffirmsengageinpro-ducingmillionsofdifferentgoods.Millionsofindividualsworkinallsortsofoccu-pationsandmakedecisionsaboutwhichofthesegoodstobuy.Takepeanuts,forexample.They
3、mustbeharvestedattherighttimeandshippedtoprocessorswhoturnthemintopeanutbutter,peanutoil,peanutbrittle,andnumerousotherpeanutdelicacies.Theseprocessors,inturn,mustmakecertainthattheirproductsarriveatthousandsofretailoutletsintheproperquantitiestomeetdemand.Becauseitwouldbeimpossibletodescribe
4、thefeaturesofjustthesepeanutmar-ketsincompletedetail,economistshavechosentoabstractfromthecomplexitiesoftherealworldandtodeveloprathersimplemodelsthatcapturethe“essentials.”Justasaroadmapishelpfuleventhoughitdoesnotrecordeveryhouseoreverybladeofgrass,economicmodelsof,say,themarketforpeanutsar
5、ealsoveryusefuleventhoughtheydonotrecordeveryminutefeatureofthepeanuteconomy.Inthisbookweshallbestudyingthemostwidelyusedeconomicmodels.Weshallseethat,eventhoughtheymakeheroicabstractionsfromthetruecomplexitiesoftherealworld,theynonethelesscapturemanyessentialfeaturesthatarecommontoalleconomi
6、cactivities.Theuseofmodelsiswidespreadinboththephysicalandsocialsciences.Inphysics,thenotionofa“perfect”vacuumoran“ideal”gasisanabstractionthatper-mitsscientiststostudyreal-worldphenomenainsimplifiedsettings.Inchemistry,theideaofanatomoramoleculeisinactualityaverysimplifiedmodelofthestruc-tureo
7、fmatter.Architectsusemock-upmodelstoplanbuildings.Televisionrepair-ersrefertowiringdiagramstolocateproblems.Sotoo,economistshavedevelopedtheirmodelsasaidstounderstandingeconomicissues.Theseportraythewayindi-vidualsmakedecisions,thewayfirmsbeha
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