Progress in Understanding Autism

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1、JAutismDevDisord(2011)41:395–404DOI10.1007/s10803-011-1184-2ORIGINALPAPERProgressinUnderstandingAutism:2007–2010MichaelL.RutterPublishedonline:12February2011ÓSpringerScience+BusinessMedia,LLC2011AbstractScientificprogressisdiscussedinrelationtoClinicalFeaturesclinicalissues;geneticissues;envi

2、ronmentalissues;andthestateofplayonpsychologicaltreatments.Itiscon-Giventhattherehasbeenahugeinvestmentinclinicalcludedthatsubstantialgainsinknowledgehavebeenresearchthatgoesbackforwelloverhalfacentury,itachievedduringthelast3years,andtherehavebeensomemightbesupposedthatallthatneededtobeknow

3、nisunexpectedfindings,butmajorpuzzlesremain.Weshouldalreadywellestablishedandfreeofcontroversies.How-behopefulofevergreatergainsintheyearsahead,butbothever,thatisfarfromthecase.preventionandcureremainelusive.DevelopmentalRegressionKeywordsScientificadvances
ResearchchallengesDespitethefactthat

4、thephenomenonoftemporarydevel-opmentalregression(especiallyoflanguageandlanguage-Inthisarticle,scientificprogresswillbediscussedinrelatedskills)isnotedfromtheveryfirstreportsofautism,relationtoadvancesinourunderstandingofclinicalfea-untilrecentlytherehadbeensurprisinglylittlesystematictures,ad

5、vancesingenetics,progressinenvironmentalresearchintothephenomenon.Thatsituationisnowresearch,andthestateofplayonpsychologicaltreatments.changing.Atfirst,somepeoplewerescepticaloftherealityBasicscience,includinganimalmodels,isnotreviewedofregressionbutcarefullyconductedstudiesofhomehere,althou

6、ghthefindingsonmirrorneuronsandimmu-videos(WernerandDawson2005)confirmedthevaliditynologyareobviouslypotentiallyveryimportant.Theofthephenomenon.Thenextquestionthatneededtacklingemphasisisplacedparticularlyonadvancesduringthelastwaswhethersuchregressionoccurredinallneurodevel-3years,butattenti

7、onispaidtoearlierfindingswheretheyopmentaldisordersorwhetheritwasinsomewaypartic-arerelevanttothecontemporaryissues.ularlycharacteristicofautism.FindingsfromstudiesbyBairdetal.(2008a)andPicklesetal.(2009)showedthattheperiodofregressionwasdistinctlyr