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《syria energy report 2013》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在学术论文-天天文库。
1、‹CountriesSyriaLastUpdated:February20,2013(Notes)fullreportOverviewTheSyrianenergysectorcontinuestosufferfromthecombinationofongoingfightingbetweengovernmentandoppositionforcesandstiffWestern-ledsanctions.SincetheonsetofprotestsinMarch2011,Syria'senergysectorhasencounteredanumberofdifficultch
2、allenges.Damagetoenergyinfrastructure—includingoilpipelinesandelectricitytransmissionnetworks—andtheeffectsofWestern-ledsanctionshavecombinedtohindertheexploration,development,production,andtransportofthecountry'senergyresources.WhileSyriaisnotamajorplayerintheglobalenergysystem,theongoingcon
3、flictwillcontinuetohaveconsequencesindomesticandregionalenergymarkets.Syriafacesmajorchallengesinsupplyingheatingoilandfueloiltoitscitizens,andelectricityserviceinsomeregionsissporadicasaresultoffightingbetweengovernmentandoppositionforces.Further,theexplorationanddevelopmentofthecountry'soil
4、andnaturalgasfieldsisdelayedindefinitelyinmostplaces.Evenwhenthefightingsubsides,itmaytakemanymonths—ormore—fortheSyriandomesticenergysystemtoreturntopre-conflictoperatingstatus.AsofOctober2012,thedirectandindirectcostsofwartotheSyrianoilindustrystoodatapproximately$2.9billion,accordingtostat
5、ementsmadebySyria'sMinisterofPetroleumandMineralResources.AlargeportionofthistotalreflectsthelossofSyria'soilexports,whichhavebeenlimitedbyescalatingsanctionsbytheUnitedStates,EuropeanUnion,andothers.Additionally,domesticenergyinfrastructure—suchasrailwaynetworks,oilpipelines,andrefineries—is
6、frequentlythetargetofattacks,leavingmanyareasofthecountrywithoutaccesstovitalpetroleumproducts.AccordingtotheSyriangovernment,damagetothecountry'senergyinfrastructuretotaledapproximately$220millionthroughtheendofOctober2012.Ofthattotal,theelectricitysectoraccountsforthemajorityofdamage($146mi
7、llion),whiledamagetooilinfrastructureamountedtomorethan$70million.Regionally,thecontinuedviolencethreatenstoderailSyria'sambitionsofbecominganimportantenergytransitcountrytoitsneighbors,theMediterranean,andEurope.Syria'sattemptstodevelopinter
