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1、THEMAKINGOFMODERNECONOMICSTheLivesandIdeasoftheGreatThinkersMARKSKOUSENM.E.SharpeArmonk,NewYorkLondon,EnglandCopyright©2001byMarkSkousen.Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereproducedinanyformwithoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublisher,M.E.Sharpe,Inc.,80
2、BusinessParkDrive,Armonk,NY10504LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataSkousen,MarkThemakingofmoderneconomics:thelivesandideasofthegreatthinkers/MarkSkousen.p.cm.Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.ISBN0-7656-0479-5(cloth:alk.paper)ISBN0-765
3、6-0480-9(pbk.:alk.paper)1.Economics—History.2.Economics—Philosophy.3.Economists—Biography.I.Title.HB75.S5452000330’.09—dc2100-059532PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericaTypesetbyPitts•LaVigneAssociates.Thepaperusedinthispublicationmeetstheminimumrequirements
4、ofAmericanNationalStandardforInformationSciencesPermanenceofPaperforPrintedLibraryMaterials,ANSIZ39.48-1984.~BM(c)10987654321BM(p)10987654321000Pre-pages.qxd10/08/200309:40PMPagevDedicatedtomyuncle,W.CleonSkousen,whobringshistorytolifeThispageintentional
5、lyleftblank000Pre-pages.qxd10/08/200309:40PMPageviiThepursuitofwealth...is,tothemassofmankind,thegreatestsourceofmoralimprovement.—NassauSenior[T]heideasofeconomistsandpoliticalphilosophers,bothwhentheyarerightandwhentheyarewrong,aremorepowerfulthaniscom
6、monlyunderstood.Indeedtheworldisruledbylittleelse.—JohnMaynardKeynesEconomicsconcernsitselfwiththegreatestofallhumandramas...thestruggleofhumanitytoescapefromwant.—JohnM.FergusonThispageintentionallyleftblank000Pre-pages.qxd10/08/200309:40PMPageixCONTENT
7、SLISTOFFIGURES,ILLUSTRATIONS,PHOTOGRAPHS,ANDTABLESxiACKNOWLEDGMENTSxvINTRODUCTION11.ItAllStartedwithAdam132.TheFrenchConnection:LaissezFaireAvance!453.TheIrreverentMalthusChallengestheNewModelofProsperity674.TrickyRicardoTakesEconomicsDownaDangerousRoad9
8、15.MillingAround:JohnStuartMillandtheSocialistsSearchforUtopia1156.MarxMadnessPlungesEconomicsintoaNewDarkAge1317.OutoftheBlueDanube:MengerandtheAustriansReversetheTide1678.MarshallingtheTroops:ScientificEconomicsComesofAg