国内外能源消费模式对比研究 （中期成果汇报）

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1、China:TradeFacilitationReformandEconomicDevelopmentZhangYanshengInstituteforInternationalEconomicResearchNationalDevelopmentandReformCommissionDevelopmentofChina’sinternationaltradeThreestagesofChina’sinternationaltradedevelopment1979-1991:initialstage

2、ofopening-up.Thegovernmentincubatedmarketeconomyinitiativesbydecentralization,andintroducinginternationalcompetitorsbyattractingFDI,developinganexport-orientedeconomymechanismbyregionalopening-up.1992-2001:Criticalstageofestablishinganexport-orientedec

3、onomicmechanismwhichisbasedonthemarket.2001-present:Newstageforestablishinganopeneconomicmechanismwhichisconsistentwithinternationalrulesandstandards.China’sinternationaltrade(2005–2008)YearOverallvolumeVolumeofimportVolumeofexportTradesurplus20051422

4、1.26601.276201018.8200617606.97916.19690.81774.7200721768.49588.212180.22592200825616.311330.914285.52954.6（USD100million)StructureofChina’sinternationaltradeIn2008,overallvolumeofChina’sprocessingtradeaccountedfor41.1%ofitsinternationaltrade,withvolum

5、eofexportbyprocessingtradeaccountingfor47.3%ofoverallexportvolume.In2008,China’stradesurplusintermsofprocessingtradewas296.78billionUSD,whichbasicallywasequaltoChina’soveralltradesurplus.In2008,FDIenterprises’exportbyprocessingtradewas572.195billionUSD

6、,accountingfor72.37%ofFDIenterprise’overallexport.ProcessingtradeessentiallyisaneffectivecombinationofinternationalcapitalandChina’scheaplaborcost.StructuraltransformationofChina’sinternationaltradeIn1986,exportofChina’stextileandclothessurpassedthatof

7、oilforthefirsttime,changingChina’sexportstructurefromresourceproducttolabor-intensiveproductsliketextileandclothes.In1995,exportofmechanicalandelectronicproductssurpassedthatoftextileandclothes,changingChina’sexportstructurefromtraditionalproductstonon

8、-traditionalproducts.SinceChina’sWTOaccessionin2001,exportofhigh-techproductshasincreasedrapidly,accountingformorethan25%ofChina’soverallexport.StructureofChina’stradesurplus(2001–2008)20012002200320042005200620072008Tradebalanceofnorma