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1、ThispaperappearedinProceedingsofthe8thUSENIXWorkshoponOffensiveTechnologies(WOOT’14),August2014.GreenLightsForever:AnalyzingtheSecurityofTrafficInfrastructureBrandenGhena,WilliamBeyer,AllenHillaker,JonathanPevarnek,andJ.AlexHaldermanElectricalEngineeringandComputerScienceDepartmentUniver
2、sityofMichigan{brghena,wbeyer,hillaker,jpevarne,jhalderm}@umich.eduAbstracteralattacksagainstthedeploymentandareabletochangethestateoftrafficlightsoncommand.ThesafetycriticalnatureoftrafficinfrastructurerequiresThevulnerabilitieswediscoverintheinfrastructurethatitbesecureagainstcomputer-b
3、asedattacks,butthisarenotafaultofanyonedeviceordesignchoice,butisnotalwaysthecase.Weinvestigateanetworkedtrafficrathershowasystemiclackofsecurityconsciousness.signalsystemcurrentlydeployedintheUnitedStatesWeusethelessonslearnedfromthissystemtoprovideanddiscoveranumberofsecurityflawsthatex
4、istduerecommendationsforbothtransportationdepartmentsandtosystemicfailuresbythedesigners.Weleveragethesedesignersoffutureembeddedsystems.flawstocreateattackswhichgaincontrolofthesystem,andwesuccessfullydemonstratethemonthedeployment2AnatomyofaTrafficIntersectionincoordinationwithauthoriti
5、es.OurattacksshowthatThemoderntrafficintersectionisanamalgamationofvari-anadversarycancontroltrafficinfrastructuretocauseoussensors,controllers,andnetworkingdevices.Figure1disruption,degradesafety,orgainanunfairadvantage.showssomecommondevicesfoundatintersections.Wemakerecommendationsonho
6、wtoimproveexistingsystemsanddiscussthelessonslearnedforembedded2.1Sensorssystemssecurityingeneral.Sensorsareusedtodetectcarsandinspectinfrastructure.1IntroductionInductionloops(alsoknownasin-groundloops)arefre-quentlyusedtodetectvehicles.ThesedevicesareburiedTrafficsignalswereoriginallyd
7、esignedasstandaloneintheroadwayanddetectcarsbymeasuringachangeinhardware,eachrunningonfixedtimingschedules,butinductanceduetothemetalbodyofthevehicle.Videohaveevolvedintomorecomplex,networkedsystems.detectionisalsofrequentlyusedtosensevehiclesatinter-Trafficcontrollersnowstoremul
