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1、DigitalSigncryptionorHowtoAchieveCost(Signature&Encryption)<
2、terandcommunicationsecurityresearch.Thecurrentstandardmethodtoachievethisaimis(digital)signaturefol-lowedbyencryption".Inthispaper,weaddressaquestiononthecostofsecureandauthenticatedmessagedelivery/storage,namely,whetheritispossibletotransport/storemessagesofvaryinglengthinasecureandauthe
3、nticatedwaywithanexpenselessthanthatrequiredbysigna-turefollowedbyencryption".Thisquestionseemstohaveneverbeenaddressedintheliteraturesincetheinventionofpublickeycryptogra-phy.Wethenpresentapositiveanswertothequestion.Inparticular,wediscoveranewcryptographicprimitivetermedassigncryption"
4、whichsimultaneouslyful llsboththefunctionsofdigitalsignatureandpublickeyencryptioninalogicallysinglestep,andwithacostsigni cantlylowerthanthatrequiredbysignaturefollowedbyencryption".Fortyp-icalsecurityparametersforhighlevelsecurityapplications(sizeofpublicmoduli=1536bits),signcryptioncos
5、ts50%(31%,respectively)lessincomputationtimeand85%(91%,respectively)lessinmessageexpan-sionthandoessignaturefollowedbyencryption"basedonthediscretelogarithmproblem(factorizationproblem,respectively).KeywordsAuthentication,DigitalSignature,Encryption,KeyDistribution,SecureMes-sageDelivery/
6、Storage,PublicKeyCryptography,Security,Signcryption.1IntroductionToavoidforgeryandensurecon dentialityofthecontentsofaletter,forcen-turiesithasbeenacommonpracticefortheoriginatorofthelettertosignhis/hernameonitandthensealitinanenvelope,beforehandingitovertoadeliverer.?Patentpending(PO3234/
7、96, ledonOctober25,1996).ThisisarevisedversionoftheCRYPTO'97paper.Thefullversionofthispapercanbeobtainedfromhttp://www-pscit.fcit.monash.edu.au/~yuliang/Publickeycryptographydiscoverednearlytwodecadesago[6]hasrevolution-izedthewayforpeopletoconductsecureandaut
