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1、TheSociety&CultureofMajorEnglish-SpeakingCountriesLectureFiveTheBritishEconomyTheBritishEconomyIntroduction;TheStructureofUKEconomy;DevelopmentofBritishEconomy;I.IntroductionBritainwasthefirstcountrytostarttheindustrialrevolutionin18thcentury;Britainu
2、sedtobeknownasthe“Factory/WorkshopoftheWorld”asaresultofitsIndustrialRevolution.I.IntroductionBritainisacapitalistcountry.Thecharacteristicoftheeconomicsystemofcapitalismisthatitprotectsprivateenterprise.Britainbeganitsmarketeconomy(theeconomicupsandd
3、ownsareheavilyinfluencedbythedemandofthemarket)about300yearsagoandisoneofthemajormarketeconomiesintheworldnowadays.I.IntroductionATradingNationThedomesticmarketislimitedinBritain.So,ithastofindmoremarketsintheworld.EachyearBritainexportssome1/3ofitsgr
4、ossdomesticproduct(GDP);Itisoneofthelargestexporters&importersintheworld.I.IntroductionCharacteristicsofBritain’sForeignTradeBritainreliesheavilyonitsforeigntrade;AfterWWII,adeficitonvisibletradeandasurplusoninvisibletrade.Visible/Tangibletradereferst
5、otrade/transactionsofvisible/concretecommodities,e.g.thetradeofgoods,machines,oil,andagriculturalproducts,etc.Invisible/Intangibletradereferstoactivitieslikebanking,tourism&otherservices,etc.I.IntroductionCharacteristicsofBritain’sForeignTradeItsforei
6、gntradebegantobebalancedafteroilandnaturalgaswerediscoveredandexploitedfromtheNorthSeain1970s.MargaretThatcher’sprivatizationprogramandpragmatism(实用主义)helpedtoincreasethecompetitivenessofBritishproductsintheworldmarket.I.IntroductionPrivatization&Nati
7、onalizationMajorindustries,suchastransportation,communications,steel,petroleum,coal,gas,andelectricity,whichhadbeennationalizedbyLabourgovernments,weresoldtoprivateinvestorsbytheConservativegovernmentinthe1980s.Nowithasdevelopedamixedprivate&publicent
8、erpriseeconomythatislargelybasedonservices,especiallyinternationaltrade,andmanufacturing.Thegovernmentrunscertainutilities,therailways,andmostcivilaviation.I.IntroductionCorporateEconomyThosebigcompaniesinBritain,thepublicandstate-ownedcompani
