The Development of Drama

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1、Dramaisthespecificmodeoffictionrepresentedinperformance.Theenactmentofdramaintheatre,performedbyactorsonastagebeforeanaudience,presupposescollaborativemodesofproductionandacollectiveformofreception.TheDevelopmentofDramaI.ReligiousPeriodIntheRomanEmpire,asinancientGreece,thedramahadadistinctlyrelig

2、iousorigin.ThefirstcharactersweredrawnfromtheNewTestament,andtheobjectofthefirstplaywastomakethechurchservicemoreimpressive,ortoemphasizemorallessonbyshowingtherewardofthegoodandthepunishmentoftheevil.A.    ChurchLiturgicalDrama教堂礼拜剧Theearliestplaysarecalledliturgicaldrama.Theygrewoutofthechurchli

3、turgy.TheywerealwaysinLatin,andthesubjectsweretakenfromtheScripturesandtheperformancesweregiveninthechurch.B.TheMiraclePlays奇迹剧TheseplayswerebasedonBiblestoriesoronthelivesofthesaints.TwoexamplesoftheMiracleplays:NoahandtheFlood《诺亚方舟》TheSecondShepherdPlay《第二牧人剧》II.MoralPeriodTheyarosefromtheallego

4、rizingsermons.Intheseplays,allegorywascastintodialogueandtheallegoricalfigures,suchasTruth,Hate….TheMoralityplays道德剧Everyman《每人》Itisthefinestofthemoralities.Interlude《插剧》Ashortperformanceslippedintoaplaytoenliventheaudienceafterasolemnscene.Ingeneral,theinterludeswereshortperformancesgivenatbanque

5、tsandentertainmentswherealittlefunwaswanted.III.ArtisticPeriodoftheDramaItisquitedifferentfromtheReligiousperiodortheMoralperiod.Itschiefpurposeistorepresenthumanlife.ComediesandTragediesbegantoappearinthisperiod.Comedy喜剧Ingeneral,aliteraryworkthatendshappilywithahealthy,amicablearmisticebetweenth

6、eprotagonistandsociety.ComedyThefirstEnglishcomedyisRalphRoysterDoyster《吹牛的道埃斯特》ThebestoftheearlyEnglishcomediesisGrammerGurton’sNeedle《老大娘格顿的缝针》Tragedy悲剧Ingeneral,aliteraryworkinwhichtheprotagonistmeetsanunhappyordisastrousend.ThefirstEnglishtragedyis“Gorboduc”《戈勃达克》