The English Literature of the 14th Century (1

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1、TheAgeofChaucer(the14thCentury)HistoricalBackground1.TheHundredYears’War2.ThePeasantUprisingof13813.TheBlackDeathTheFiveImportantFiguresofthe14thCenturyGeoffreyChaucer:poetWilliamLangland:poetJohnWyclif:thefirsttranslatoroftheBibleJohnGower:thescholarandliterarymanJohnMandeville:thetravelerW

2、illiamLangland(1332----1386)theconjecturedauthorofthe14th-centuryEnglishdream-visionPiersPlowmanPiersPlowman农夫皮尔斯PiersPlowmanisanallegoricalmoralandsocialsatire,writtenasa"vision"ofthecommonmedievaltype.Thepoemexistsinthreeversions:theAVersion(PrologeandtheVisionofPiersPlowman)theBVersion(re

3、visionofAandadditionoftheDoWell,DoBetter,DoBestsectiontheCVersion,arevisionofthewhole.Allegory:Ataleinverseorproseinwhichcharacters,actions,orsettingsrepresentabstractideasormoralqualities.Thus,anallegoryisastorywithtwomeanings,aliteralmeaningandasymbolicmeaning.GeoffreyChaucer(1340—1400)Fat

4、herofEnglishpoetryForerunnerofEnglishrealismForerunnerofEnglishhumanismTheFrenchPeriodTheItalianPeriodTheEnglishPeriodTheFrenchPeriodTheRomauntoftheRoseTheBookoftheDuchessTheItalianPeriodTheHouseofFameTheAssemblyofFoulsTroilusandCryseydeTheLegendofGoodWomenTheEnglishPeriodTheCanterburyTalesT

5、heCanterburyTalesItisacollection24stories.ThetalesarecontainedinsideaframetaleandtoldbyacollectionofpilgrimsonapilgrimagefromSouthwarktovisittheshrineofSaintThomasBecketatCanterburyCathedral.ThomasBecketThomasBecket(1118–1170)wasArchbishopofCanterbury.HeisveneratedasasaintandmartyrbyboththeR

6、omanCatholicChurchandtheAnglicanCommunion.HeengagedinconflictwithHenryIIofEnglandovertherightsandprivilegesoftheChurchandwasassassinatedbyfollowersofthekinginCanterburyCathedral.TheGeneralPrologueItsuppliesanartisticcorridorofpeoplefromallwalksoflifeintheMedievialEngland.Allkindsofpeopleexce

7、ptthehighestandthelowestarerepresentedbythethirty-onepilgrims.LanguageTheCanterburyTaleswerewritteninMiddleEnglish,specificallyinadialectassociatedwithLondonandspellingsassociatedwiththethenemergentchancerystandard.LiteraryTermHeroicCouplet(英雄双行体）: