曼昆 经济学原理14-竞争市场.ppt

《曼昆 经济学原理14-竞争市场.ppt》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。

1、FirmsinCompetitiveMarketsChapter14TheMeaningofCompetitionAperfectlycompetitivemarkethasthefollowingcharacteristics:Therearemanybuyersandsellersinthemarket.Thegoodsofferedbythevarioussellersarelargelythesame.Firmscanfreelyenterorexitthemarket.TheMeaningofCompetitionA

2、saresultofitscharacteristics,theperfectlycompetitivemarkethasthefollowingoutcomes:Theactionsofanysinglebuyerorsellerinthemarkethaveanegligibleimpactonthemarketprice.Eachbuyerandsellertakesthemarketpriceasgiven.TheMeaningofCompetitionBuyersandsellersincompetitivemark

3、etsaresaidtobepricetakers.Buyersandsellersmustacceptthepricedeterminedbythemarket.RevenueofaCompetitiveFirmTotalrevenueforafirmisthesellingpricetimesthequantitysold.TR=(PXQ)RevenueofaCompetitiveFirmTotalrevenueisproportionaltotheamountofoutput.RevenueofaCompetitiveF

4、irmAveragerevenuetellsushowmuchrevenueafirmreceivesforthetypicalunitsold.RevenueofaCompetitiveFirmInperfectcompetition,averagerevenueequalsthepriceofthegood.RevenueofaCompetitiveFirmMarginalrevenueisthechangeintotalrevenuefromanadditionalunitsold.MR=TR/QRevenueofa

5、CompetitiveFirmForcompetitivefirms,marginalrevenueequalsthepriceofthegood.Total,Average,andMarginalRevenueforaCompetitiveFirmProfitMaximizationfortheCompetitiveFirmThegoalofacompetitivefirmistomaximizeprofit.Thismeansthatthefirmwillwanttoproducethequantitythatmaximi

6、zesthedifferencebetweentotalrevenueandtotalcost.ProfitMaximization:ANumericalExampleP=AR=MRP=MR1MCProfitMaximizationfortheCompetitiveFirm...Quantity0CostsandRevenueATCAVCQMAXThefirmmaximizesprofitbyproducingthequantityatwhichmarginalcostequalsmarginalrevenue.MC1Q1M

7、C2Q2Harcourt,Inc.itemsandderiveditemscopyright©2001byHarcourt,Inc.ProfitMaximizationfortheCompetitiveFirmProfitmaximizationoccursatthequantitywheremarginalrevenueequalsmarginalcost.ProfitMaximizationfortheCompetitiveFirmWhenMR>MCincreaseQWhenMR

8、CProfitismaximized.TheMarginal-CostCurveandtheFirm’sSupplyDecision...Quantity0CostsandRevenueMCATCAVCCopyright©2001byHarcourt,Inc.Allrigh