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1、1Chapter14JavaFXBasics2MotivationsJavaFXisanewframeworkfordevelopingJavaGUIprograms.TheJavaFXAPIisanexcellentexampleofhowtheobject-orientedprincipleisapplied.Thischapterservestwopurposes.First,itpresentsthebasicsofJavaFXprogramming.Second,itusesJavaFXtodemonstrateOOP.Specificall
2、y,thischapterintroducestheframeworkofJavaFXanddiscussesJavaFXGUIcomponentsandtheirrelationships.3ObjectivesTodistinguishbetweenJavaFX,Swing,andAWT(§14.2).TowriteasimpleJavaFXprogramandunderstandtherelationshipamongstages,scenes,andnodes(§14.3).Tocreateuserinterfacesusingpanes,UI
3、controls,andshapes(§14.4).Tousebindingpropertiestosynchronizepropertyvalues(§14.5).Tousethecommonpropertiesstyleandrotatefornodes(§14.6).TocreatecolorsusingtheColorclass(§14.7).TocreatefontsusingtheFontclass(§14.8).TocreateimagesusingtheImageclassandtocreateimageviewsusingtheIma
4、geViewclass(§14.9).TolayoutnodesusingPane,StackPane,FlowPane,GridPane,BorderPane,HBox,andVBox(§14.10).TodisplaytextusingtheTextclassandcreateshapesusingLine,Circle,Rectangle,Ellipse,Arc,Polygon,andPolyline(§14.11).TodevelopthereusableGUIcomponentsClockPanefordisplayingananalogcl
5、ock(§14.12).4JavaFXvsSwingandAWTSwingandAWTarereplacedbytheJavaFXplatformfordevelopingrichInternetapplications.WhenJavawasintroduced,theGUIclasseswerebundledinalibraryknownastheAbstractWindowsToolkit(AWT).AWTisfinefordevelopingsimplegraphicaluserinterfaces,butnotfordevelopingcom
6、prehensiveGUIprojects.Inaddition,AWTispronetoplatform-specificbugs.TheAWTuser-interfacecomponentswerereplacedbyamorerobust,versatile,andflexiblelibraryknownasSwingcomponents.SwingcomponentsarepainteddirectlyoncanvasesusingJavacode.Swingcomponentsdependlessonthetargetplatformandu
7、selessofthenativeGUIresource.WiththereleaseofJava8,SwingisreplacedbyacompletelynewGUIplatformknownasJavaFX.5BasicStructureofJavaFXApplicationOverridethestart(Stage)methodStage,Scene,andNodesRunMyJavaFXRunMultipleStageDemo6Panes,UIControls,andShapesRunButtonInPane7DisplayaShapeTh
8、isexampledisplaysacircleinthecenterofthepane.Ru
