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时间:2020-03-14
《2015届高中英语外研版(通用)【配套WORD】语法专题十介词和介词短语.doc》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、专题十 介词和介词短语◆介词和介词短语的考查要点介词是虚词,不能单独作句子成分,必须与名词、代词(或相当于名词的其他词类、短语或从句等)构成介词短语,在句中充当一个成分。介词分为:简单介词,如at,in,for等;合成介词,如within,inside,onto,throughout等;短语介词,如accordingto,outof,becauseof,bymeansof,inspiteof,insteadof等;双重介词,如frombehind/above/under,untilafter等;分词介词,如considering,including,judging(from
2、/by)等。1.介词搭配(1)“动词+介词”搭配:注意特定搭配与同一介词与多个动词搭配意义不同的情况。①robsb.ofsth./cleartheroadofsnow(表示“夺去、除去”意义的动词与of连用)②supplyuswithfood/filltheglasswithwine(表示“供给”意义的动词与with连用)③makeadeskofwood/makebreadfromflour/makethematerialintoacoat(表示“制作、制造”意义的动词与of,from,into连用)④介词+the+部位与动词的关系(=动词+sb.’s+部位,可换用)str
3、ikehimonthehead(表示“击;拍;碰;摸”意义的动词与on连用)catchhimbythearm(表示“抓;拉;拿;扯”意义的动词与by连用)hittheboyintheface(表示“肚;胸;眼;脸”等人体前部的器官名词与in连用)⑤prevent(stop,keep)sb.fromdoingsth.(表示“阻止,禁止”意义的动词与from连用)⑥persuade(advise,warn)sb.intodoingsth.(表示“说服;建议;警告”意义的动词与into连用)⑦buy(leave,get,win,gain,lose)sth.forsb.(表示“得失
4、”意义的动词与for连用)⑧tell(show,teach,sing,write,read)sth.tosb.(表示“告知”意义的动词与to连用)⑨give(allow,promise,pass,hand)sth.tosb.(表示“授予”意义的动词与to连用)注意:⑦⑧⑨可换成buysb.sth.,tellsb.sth.,givesb.sth.双宾结构。⑩saytosb.(suggest,explain,apologize,murmur,whisper等与“对象”连用必须用to)不可说suggestsb.sth.。(2)同一介词与不同动词搭配,意义各异。replytothe
5、letter回信,sing(dance)tothemusic和……唱(跳),amountto达到,加起来有……,devoteto把……贡献给,drinkto为……干杯,objectto反对,lookforwardto渴望,cometo苏醒,belongto属于,searchfor搜……,askfor请求,use...for用作,leavefor前往,take...for误以为,callfor要求,waitfor等待,carefor喜欢,makeupfor弥补损失,turnto求助/救于,helponeselfto随意,agreeto同意,compare...to把……比作,
6、sendfor派人去请/拿……,sailfor驶向,起航,setoutfor动身去,goinfor爱好……(3)常见“形容词+介词”搭配。worthyof值得的,gladaboutsth.forsb.为某人某事高兴,farfrom离……远,gratefultosb.forsth.为某事感激某人,freefrom没有……/免除……,proudof/takepridein自豪,satisfiedwith/by满意,sureof/about确信,fondof喜欢,fitfor适合,busywithsth./indoingsth.忙着干某事,fullof充满,readyfor准备,
7、similarto相似,wrongwith不对;有毛病……(4)“名词+介词”习惯搭配和意义区分。hisabsencetheway题组训练1用适当的介词填空1.Ouropinionsonlanguagelearningdiffergreatlyfromeachother’sinthatrespect.2.Ourteacheroftenasksustoretellstoriesinourownwords.3.I’vepromisedtokeepitsecret,soIcan’treallytellyouanythin
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