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Q:Canyousellyourselfintwominutes?Goforit. 你能在两分钟內自我推荐吗?大胆试试吧!A:Withmyqualificationsandexperience,IfeelIamhardworking,responsibleanddiligentinanyprojectIundertake.Yourorganizationcouldbenefitfrommyanalyticalandinterpersonalskills. 依我的资格和经验,我觉得我对所从事的每一个项目都很努力、负责、勤勉。我的分析能力和与人相处的技巧,对贵单位必有价值。 Q:Givemeasummaryofyourcurrentjobdescription. 对你目前的工作,能否做个概括的说明。A:Ihavebeenworkingasacomputerprogrammerforfiveyears.Tobespecific,Idosystemanalysis,troubleshootingandprovidesoftwaresupport. 我干了五年的电脑程序员。具体地说,我做系统分析,解决问题以及软件供应方面的支持。 Q:Whydidyouleaveyourlastjob? 你为什么离职呢?A:Well,Iamhopingtogetanofferofabetterposition.Ifopportunityknocks,Iwilltakeit. 我希望能获得一份更好的工作,如果机会来临,我会抓住。A:IfeelIhavereachedthe"glassceiling"inmycurrentjob.Ifeelthereisnoopportunityforadvancement. 我觉得目前的工作,已经达到顶峰,即沒有升迁机会。Q:Howdoyourateyourselfasaprofessional? 你如何评估自己是位专业人员呢?A:Withmystrongacademicbackground,Iamcapableandcompetent. 凭借我良好的学术背景,我可以胜任自己的工作,而且我认为自己很有竞争力。A:Withmyteachingexperience,IamconfidentthatIcanrelatetostudentsverywell. 依我的教学经验,我相信能与学生相处的很好。Q:Whatcontributiondidyoumaketoyourcurrent(previous)organization? 你对目前/从前的工作单位有何贡献?A:Ihavefinishedthreenewprojects,andIamsureIcanapplymyexperiencetothisposition. 我已经完成三个新项目,我相信我能将我的经验用在这份工作上。 Q:Whatdoyouthinkyouareworthtous? 你怎么认为你对我们有价值呢? A:IfeelIcanmakesomepositivecontributionstoyourcompanyinthefuture. 我觉得我对贵公司能做些积极性的贡献。 Q:Whatmakeyouthinkyouwouldbeasuccessinthisposition? 你如何知道你能胜任这份工作?A:Mygraduateschooltrainingcombinedwithmyinternshipshouldqualifymeforthisparticularjob.IamsureIwillbesuccessful. 我在研究所的训练,加上实习工作,使我适合这份工作。我相信我能成功。 Q:Areyouamulti-taskedindividual?Doyouworkwellunderstressorpressure? 你是一位可以同时承担数项工作的人吗?你能承受工作上的压力吗?A:Yes,Ithinkso.A:Thetraitisneededinmycurrent(orprevious)positionandIknowIcanhandleitwell. 这种特点就是我目前(先前)工作所需要的,我知道我能应付自如。 Q:Whatisyourstrongesttrait(s)? 你个性上最大的特点是什么?A:Helpfulnessandcaring. 乐于助人和关心他人。A:Adaptabilityandsenseofhumor. 适应能力和幽默感。A:Cheerfulnessandfriendliness. 乐观和友爱。Q:Howwouldyourfriendsorcolleaguesdescribeyou? 你的朋友或同事怎样形容你? (pauseafewseconds) (稍等几秒钟再答,表示慎重考虑。)A:TheysayMr.Chenisanhonest,hardworkingandresponsiblemanwhodeeplycaresforhisfamilyandfriends. 他们说陈先生是位诚实、工作努力,负责任的人,他对家庭和朋友都很关心。A:TheysayMr.Chenisafriendly,sensitive,caringanddeterminedperson. 他们说陈先生是位很友好、敏感、关心他人和有决心的人。 Q:Whatpersonalitytraitsdoyouadmire? 你欣赏哪种性格的人?A:Iadmireapersonwhois)honest,flexibleandeasy-going. 诚实、不死板而且容易相处的人。 A:(Ilike)peoplewhopossessthe"cando"spirit. 有"实际行动"的人。 Q:Whatleadershipqualitiesdidyoudevelopasanadministrativepersonnel? 作为行政人员,你有什么样的领导才能?A:Ifeelthatlearninghowtomotivatepeopleandtoworktogetherasateamwillbethemajorgoalofmyleadership. 我觉得学习如何把人们的积极性调动起来,以及如何配合协同的团队精神,是我行政工作的主要目标A:Ihaverefinedmymanagementstylebyusinganopen-doorpolicy. 我以开放式的政策,改进我的行政管理方式。Q:Howdoyounormallyhandlecriticism? 你通常如何处理別人的批评?A:Silenceisgolden.Justdon'tsayanything;otherwisethesituationcouldbecomeworse.Ido,however,acceptconstructivecriticism. 沉默是金。不必说什么,否则情况更糟,不过我会接受建设性的批评。A:Whenwecooloff,wewilldiscussitlater. 我会等大家冷靜下来再讨论。 Q:Whatdoyoufindfrustratinginaworksituation? 在工作中,什么事令你不高兴?A:Sometimes,thenarrow-mindedpeoplemakemefrustrated. 胸襟狭窄的人,有时使我泄气。A:Mindsthatarenotreceptivetonewideas. 不能接受新思想的那些取。 Q:Howdoyouhandleyourconflictwithyourcolleaguesinyourwork? 你如何处理与同事在工作中的意见不和?A:Iwilltrytopresentmyideasinamoreclearandcivilizedmannerinordertogetmypointsacross. 我要以更清楚文明的方式,提出我的看法,使对方了解我的观点。Q:Howdoyouhandleyourfailure? 你怎样对待自己的失敗?A:Noneofuswasborn"perfect".IamsureIwillbegivenasecondchancetocorrectmymistake. 我们大家生来都不是十全十美的,我相信我有第二个机会改正我的错误。Q:Whatprovideyouwithasenseofaccomplishment. 什么会让你有成就感? A:Doingmybestjobforyourcompany. 为贵公司竭力效劳。A:Finishingaprojecttothebestofmyability. 尽我所能,完成一个项目。Q:Ifyouhadalotofmoneytodonate,wherewouldyoudonateitto?Why? 假如你有很多钱可以捐赠,你会捐给什么单位?为什么?A:IwoulddonateittothemedicalresearchbecauseIwanttodosomethingtohelpothers. 我会捐给医药研究,因为我要为他人做点事。A:Iprefertodonateittoeducationalinstitutions. 我乐意捐给教育机构。Q:Whatismostimportantinyourliferightnow? 眼下你生活中最重要的是什么?A:Togetajobinmyfieldismostimportanttome. 对我来说,能在这个领域找到工作是最重要的。A:Tosecureemploymenthopefullywithyourcompany. 希望能在贵公司任职对我来说最重要。Q:Whatcurrentissuesconcernyouthemost? 目前什么事是你最关心的?A:ThegeneralstateofoureconomyandtheimpactofChina'entrytoWTOonourindustry. 目前中国经济的总体情況以及中国入世对我们行业的影响。Q:Howlongwouldyouliketostaywiththiscompany? 你会在本公司服务多久呢?A:IwillstayaslongasIcancontinuetolearnandtogrowinmyfield. 只要我能在我的行业力继续学习和长进,我就会留在这里。Q:Couldyouprojectwhatyouwouldliketobedoingfiveyearsfromnow? 你能预料五年后你会做什么吗?A:AsIhavesomeadministrativeexperienceinmylastjob,Imayusemyorganizationalandplanningskillsinthefuture. 我在上一个工作中积累了一些行政经验,我将来也许要运用我组织和计划上的经验和技巧。A:Ihopetodemonstratemyabilityandtalentsinmyfieldadequately. 我希望能充分展示我在这个行业的能力和智慧。 A:Perhaps,anopportunityatamanagementpositionwouldbeexciting. 也许有机会,我将会从事管理工作。 (如果不愿正面回答,也可以说:) Itwouldbeprematureformetopredictthis. 现在对此问题的预测,尚嫌过早。 (甚至还可以打趣的说:) Hypotheticallyspeaking,Imightbeabletodoyourcurrentjobasadirector. (或CEO或president)说不定,我也能做你现在主任的工作呢!Q:Whatrangeofpay-scaleareyouinterestedin? 你喜欢那一种薪水层次标准?A:Moneyisimportant,buttheresponsibilitythatgoesalongwiththisjobiswhatinterestsmethemost. 薪水固然重要,但这工作伴随而来的责任更吸引我。A:(假如你有家眷,可以说:) Tobefrankandopenwithyou,Ilikethisjob,butIhaveafamilytosupport. 坦白地说,我喜欢这份工作,不过我必须要负担我的家庭。OtherTips 其它建议Knowsomethingabouttheorganizationyouareapplyingto.了解一些你申请工作单位的情况。Dressproperly.Don'tshakehandwiththeintervieweruntilhe/sheextendshis/herhand.穿着要得体,人家伸手时才握手。Don'tsitdownuntilinvitedtodosobytheinterviewer.人家未请,先別坐下。Makeeye-contactwiththeinterviewerduringtheinterview.面试时,眼睛要看着对方。Listenactivelyandstaycalm.注意听,保持冷静。Ifinvitedtoameal,beespeciallycarefulaboutyourtablemanners.被邀吃饭时,要特別注意餐桌礼节。Don'ttalkwithyourmouthfull.嘴里有食物,不可开口说话。Don'tmakemuchnoisewhileyoueat.吃东西不要出声音。 Don'tblowyournoseorusethetoothpickattable.不要拧鼻涕或用牙签剔牙。Don'tappeartobepushyoroverlyanxioustogetajob.不必过分表现急着要工作。Behonestbutnottoomodest.要诚实,但不必太谦虚。Don'tputyourselfdownorcutyourselfup.不可妄自菲薄或自贬。Trytoavoiddiscussingpoliticsorreligionwithyourinterviewer.避免与面试人谈政治或宗教。 自我介绍 Mature,dynamicandhonest.思想成熟、精明能干、为人诚实。Excellentabilityofsystematicalmanagement.有极强的系统管理能力。Abilitytoworkindependent1y,matureandresourceful.能够独立工作、思想成熟、应变能力强。Apersonwithabilityplusflexibilityshouldapply.需要有能力及适应力强的人。Astablepersonalityandhighsenseofresponsibilityaredesirable.个性稳重、具高度责任感。Workwellwithamulti-culturalanddiverseworkforce.能够在不同文化和工作人员的背景下出色地工作。Bright,aggressiveapplicants.反应快、有进取心的应聘者。Ambitiousattitudeessential.有雄心壮志。Initiative,independentandgoodcommunicationskill.积极主动、独立工作能力强,并有良好的交际技能。Willingtoworkunderpressurewithleardershipquality.愿意在压力下工作,并具领导素质。Willingtoassumeresponsibilities.应聘者须勇于挑重担。Mature,self-motivatedandstronginterpersonalskills.思想成熟、上进心强,并具极丰富的人际关系技巧。Energetic,fashion-mindedperson.精力旺盛、思想新潮。Withapleasantmatureattitude.开朗成熟。Strongdeterminationtosucceed.有获得成功的坚定决心。 Strongleadershipskills.有极强的领导艺术。Abilitytoworkwellwithothers.能够同他人一道很好地工作。Highly-motivatedandreliablepersonwithexcellenthealthandpleasantpersonality.上进心强又可靠者,并且身体健康、性格开朗。Theabilitytoinitiateandoperateindependently.有创业能力,并能独立地从业。Strongleadershipskillwhilepossessingagreatteamspirit.有很高的领导艺术和很强的集体精神。Behighlyorganizedandeffecient.工作很有条理,办事效率高。Willingtolearnandprogress.肯学习进取。Goodpresentationskills.有良好的表达能力。Positiveactivemindessential.有积极、灵活的头脑。Abilitytodealwithpersonnelatalllevelseffectively.善于同各种人员打交道。Havepositiveworkattitudeandbewillingandabletoworkdiligentlywithoutsupervision.有积极的工作态度,愿意和能够在没有监督的情况下勤奋地工作1.So,tellmealittleaboutyourself.Youdon’tneedtoexplaineverythingfrombirthtopresentday.Relevantfactsabouteducation,yourcareerandyourcurrentlifesituationarefine.2.Whyareyoulooking(orwhydidyouleaveyoulastjob)?Thisshouldbeastraightforwardquestiontoanswer,butitcantripyouup.Presumablyyouarelookingforanewjob(oranyjob)becauseyouwanttoadvanceyourcareerandgetapositionthatallowsyoutogrowasapersonandanemployee.It’snotagoodideatomentionmoneyhere,itcanmakeyousoundmercenary.Andifyouareintheunfortunatesituationofhavingbeendownsized,staypositiveandbea***riefaspos***leaboutit.Ifyouwerefired,you’llneedagoodexplanation.Butonceagain,staypositive.3.Tellmewhatyouknowaboutthiscompany.Doyourhomeworkbeforeyougotoanyinterview.Whetherit’***eingtheVPofmarketingorthemailroomclerk,youshouldknowaboutthecompanyorbusinessyou’regoingtoworkfor.Hasthiscompanybeeninthenewslately?Whoarethepeopleinthecompanyyoushouldknowabout?Dothebackgroundwork,itwillmakeyoustandoutassomeonewhocomesprepared,andisgenuinelyinterestedinthecompanyandthejob.4.WhydoyouwanttoworkatXCompany?Thisshouldbedirectlyrelatedtothelastquestion.Anyresearchyou’vedoneonthecompanyshouldhaveledyoutotheconclusionthatyou’dwanttoworkthere.Afterall,you’reattheinterview,right?Putsomethoughtintothis answerbeforeyouhaveyourinterview,mentionyourcareergoalsandhighlightforward-thinkinggoalsandcareerplans.5.Whatrelevantexperiencedoyouhave?Hopefullyifyou’reapplyingforthispositionyouhavebagsofrelatedexperience,andifthat’sthecaseyoushouldmentionitall.Butifyou’reswitchingcareersortryingsomethingalittledifferent,yourexperiencemayinitiallynotlooklikeit’smatchingup.That’swhenyouneedalittlehonestcreativitytomatchtheexperiencesrequiredwiththeonesyouhave.Peopleskillsarepeopleskillsafterall,youjustneedtoshowhowcustomerserviceskillscanapplytointernalmanagementpositions,andsoon.6.Ifyourpreviousco-workerswerehere,whatwouldtheysayaboutyou?Ok,thisisnotthetimeforfulldisclosure.Ifsomepeoplefromyourpastaregoingtosayyou’reaboringA-hole,youdon’tneedtobringthatup.Staypositive,always,andmaybehaveafewspecificquotesinmind.“They’dsayIwasahardworker”orevenbetter“JohnDoehasalwayssaidIwasthemostreliable,creativeproblem-solverhe’devermet.”7.Haveyoudoneanythingtofurtheryourexperience?Thiscouldincludeanythingfromnightclassestohobbiesandsports.Ifit’srelated,it’sworthmentioning.Obviouslyanythingtodowithfurthereducationisgreat,butmaybeyou’respendingtimeonahomeimprovementprojecttoworkonskillssuchasself-sufficiency,timemanagementandmotivation.8.Whereelsehaveyouapplied?Thisisagoodwaytohintthatyou’reindemand,withoutsoundinglikeyou’rewhoringyourselfallovertown.So,behonestandmentionafewothercompanie***utdon’tgointodetail.Thefactthatyou’reseriouslylookingandkeepingyouroptionsopeniswhattheinterviewerisdrivingat.9.Howareyouwhenyou’reworkingunderpressure?Onceagain,thereareafewwaystoanswerthi***uttheyshouldallbepositive.Youmayworkwellunderpressure,youmaythriveunderpressure,andyoumayactuallyPREFERworkingunderpressure.Ifyousayyoucrumblelikeagedbluecheese,thisisnotgoingtohelpyougetyourfootinthedoor.10.Whatmotivatesyoutodoagoodjob?Theanswertothisoneisnotmoney,evenifitis.Youshouldbemotivatedbylife’snoblepursuits.Youwantrecognitionforajobwelldone.Youwanttobecomebetteratyourjob.Youwanttohelpothersorbealeaderinyourfield.11.What’syourgreateststrength?Thisisyourchancetoshine.You’rebeingaskedtoexplainwhyyouareagreatemployee,sodon’tholdbackandstaydostaypositive.Youcouldbesomeonewhothrivesunderpressure,agreatmotivator,anamazingproblemsolver orsomeonewithextraordinaryattentiontodetail.Ifyourgreateststrength,however,istodrinkanyoneunderthetableorgetatopscoreonMarioKart,keepittoyourself.Theinterviewerislookingforwork-relatedstrengths.12.What’syourbiggestweakness?Ifyou’recompletelyhonest,youmaybekickingyourselfinthebutt.Ifyousayyoudon’thaveone,you’reobviouslylying.Thisisahorriblequestionandonethatpoliticianshavebecomemastersatanswering.Theysaythingslike“I’mperhapstoocommittedtomyworkanddon’tspendenoughtimewithmyfamily.”Oh,there’safireableoffense.I’veevenheard“IthinkI’mtoogoodatmyjob,itcanoftenmakepeoplejealous.”Please,let’skeepourfeetontheground.Ifyou’reaskedthisquestion,giveasmall,work-relatedflawthatyou’reworkinghardtoimprove.Example:“I’vebeentoldIoccasionallyfocusondetailsandmissthebiggerpicture,soI’vebeenspendingtimelayingoutthecompleteprojecteverydaytoseemyoverallprogress.”13.Let’stalkaboutsalary.Whatareyoulookingfor?Runforcover!Thisisonetrickygametoplayinaninterview.Evenifyouknowthesalaryrangeforthejob,ifyouanswerfirstyou’realreadyshowingallyourcards.Youwantasmuchaspos***le,theemployerwantsyouforaslittleasyou’rewillingtotake.Beforeyouapply,takealookatsalary.comforagoodideaofwhatsomeonewithyourspecificexperienceshouldbepaid.Youmaywanttosay,“well,that’ssomethingI’vethoughtlongandhardaboutandIthinksomeonewithmyexperienceshouldgetbetweenX&Y.”Or,youcouldbeslyandsay,“rightnow,I’mmoreinterestedintalkingmoreaboutwhatthepositioncanoffermycareer.”Thatcouldatleastbuyyoualittletimetoscopeoutthesituation.Butifyoudohaveaspecificfigureinmindandyouareconfidentthatyoucangetit,I’dsaygoforit.Ihaveonmanyoccasions,andeverytimeIgotveryclosetothatfigure(bothbelowandsometimesabove).14.Areyougoodatworkinginateam?UnlessyouhavetheI.Q.ofahouseplant,you’llalwaysanswerYEStothisone.It’stheonlyanswer.Howcananyonefunctioninsideanorganizationiftheyarealoner?Youmaywanttomentionwhatpartyouliketoplayinateamthough;it’sagreatchancetoexplainthatyou’reanaturalleader.15.Tellmeasuggestionyouhavemadethatwasimplemented.It’simportantheretofocusontheword“implemented.”There’snothingwrongwithhavingathousandgreatideas,butiftheonlyplacetheyliveisonyournotepadwhat’sthepoint?Betterstill,youneedagoodending.Ifyourpreviouscompanytookyouradviceandendedupgoingbankrupt,that’snotsuchagreatexampleeither.Bepreparedwithastoryaboutanideaofyoursthatwastakenfromideatoimplementation,andconsideredsuccessful.16.Hasanythingeverirritatedyouaboutpeopleyou’veworkedwith?Ofcourse,youhavealistaslongasyourarm.Butyoucan’tsaythat,it showsyoua***eingnegativeanddifficulttoworkwith.Thebestwaytoanswerthisoneistothinkforawhileandthensaysomethinglike“I’vealwaysgotonjustfinewithmyco-workersactually.”Usethisquestionasachancetoshowthatyouareateamplayer:“TheonlypeopleIhavetroublewitharethosewhoaren’tteamplayers,whojustdon’tperform,whocomplainconstantly,andwhofailtorespondtoanyeffortstomotivatethem.”Theinterviewerisexpectingaresponsefocusedonpersonalityandpersonaldislikes.Surpriseherbydeliveringananswerthatreflectscompanyvalues17.Isthereanyoneyoujustcouldnotworkwith?No.Well,unlessyou’retalkingaboutmurderers,racists,rapists,thievesorotherdastardlycharacters,youcanworkwithanyone.Otherwiseyoucouldbeflaggedassomeonewho’spickyanddifficultifyousay,“Ican’tworkwithanyonewho’saBronco’sfan.Sorry.”18.Tellmeaboutanyissuesyou’vehadwithapreviou***oss.Arrgh!Ifyoufallforthisoneyoushouldn’tbehiredanyway.Theintervieweristestingyoutoseeifyou’llspeakbadlyaboutyourprevioussupervisor.Simplyanswerthisquestionwithextemetact,diplomacyandifnecessary,abigfatlossofmemory.Inshort,you’veneverhadanyissues.Theanswerto18iscompletelywrong.Iamadirectoratamajormediacompany’sinteractivedivision.OurcompanyisexpandingandIamalmostinaconstantstateofhiring.Iaskavariationofthisquestionineverysingleinterviewandifacandidatehasneverhadoneissueordisagreementwithanyone,(Istatedavariation:Iaskifithashappenedwithanyoneintheworkplace)Ipegthemasaliarandrejectthemimmediately.Iwentwellwithmypreviou***oss.Ifthereisanconflict,Iwillbeopenmindandtalkaboutfacts.oncedecisionismade,Iexecuteitwell.19.Wouldyouratherworkformoneyorjobsatisfaction?It’snotaveryfairquestionisit?We’dalllovetogetpaidaTrump-likesalarydoingajobwelovebutthat’srareindeed.It’sfinetosaymoneyisimportant,butrememberthatNOTHINGismoreimportanttoyouthanthejob.Otherwise,you’rejustsomeonelookingforabiggerpaycheck.20.Wouldyouratherbelikedorfeared?Ihavebeenaskedthisalot,invariousincarnations.ThefirsttimeIjustdrewablankandsaid,“Idon’tknow.”Thatwentoverbadly,butitwasrightatthestartofmycareerwhenIhadlittletonoexperience.SincethenI’verealizedthatmygenuineansweris“Neither,I’dratherberespected.”Youdon’twanttobefearedbecausefearisnowaytomotivateateam.Youmaygotthejobdonebutatwhatcost?Similarly,ifyou’reeveryone’***estfriendyou’llfinditdifficulttomaketoughdecisionsorhitdeadlines.Butwhenyou’re respected,youdon’thavetobeacompletebastardoralameducktogetthejobdone.21.AreyouwillingtoputtheinterestsofXCompanyaheadofyourown?Again,anothernastyquestion.Ifyousayyes,you’reacorporatewhorewhodoesn’tcareaboutfamily.Ifyousayno,you’redisloyaltothecompany.I’mafraidthatyou’llprobablyhavetosayyestothisonethough,becauseyou’retryingtobetheperfectemployeeatthispoint,andperfectemployeesdon’tcutoutearlyforJimmy’***a***allgame.itissituational.ifyou…;ifyou….Ethicsandprofessionalism22.So,explainwhyIshouldhireyou.AsI’msureyouknow,“becauseI’mgreat”or“Ireallyneedajob”arenotgoodanswershere.Thisisatimetogivetheemployeralaundrylistofyourgreatesttalentsthatjustsohappentomatchthejobdescription.It’salsogoodtoavoidtakingpotshotsatotherpotentialcandidateshere.Focusonyourselfandyourtalents,nototherpeople’sflaws.23.Finally,doyouhaveanyquestionstoaskme?I’llfinishthewayIstarted,withoneofthemostcommonquestionsaskedininterviews.Thisdirectlyrelatestotheresearchyou’vedoneonthecompanyandalsogivesyouachancetoshowhoweagerandpreparedyouare.You’llprobablywanttoaskaboutbenefitsiftheyhaven’tbeencoveredalready.Agoodgenericoneis“howsooncouldIstart,ifIwereofferedthejobofcourse.”Youmayalsoaskwhatyou’dbeworkingon.Specifically,intheroleyou’reapplyingforandhowthataffectstherestofthecompany.Alwayshavequestionsready,greetingthisonewithablankstareisarottenwaytofinishyourinterview.Goodluckandhappyjobhunting.ponderforamoment,andthenaskyourinterviewer“whataspectofyourjobdoyoufindmostchallenging”.Iwouldasktheinterviewer,“Whydoyouliketoworkhere?”24.Wheredoyouwanttobein5toyears?Theydontwanttohearinthesamejobyouareinterviewingfor.Ultimately,theHRpeoplearesearchingforsomeonewhocanhandlethejobnow,andhasthepotentialtogrowintoahighlevelmanagementjobinthefuture.Doyouhavethosegoalstoo?25.Wouldyouratherworkforabigcompanyorasmallone?Favoriteanswer:I’dtreatanycompanylikeitwasmyownregardless.Totalownershipofthesituationcangetyoualongway.General,theworstanswerwas“Idon’tknow.”I’vesincelearnedthat“itdepends,”withacoupleofexamples,isperfectlyappropriate 1、萨伊法则:是一种产品的供给产生了对另一种产品的需求,有多大供给就有多大的需求,整个社会的总供给与总需求必相等。因此,普遍的生产过剩是不可能的。2、凯恩斯革命:凯恩斯经济学从许多方面突破了传统经济学的思想束缚,拓宽了经济学的视角,运用一些新的概念、理论等分析工具对资本主义经济的运行进行了重新的解释,得出了一切与传统经济学对立的政策结论,从而在很大程度上改变了现代经济学的面貌。表现:①经济学研究中心转变②资本主义经济运行的常态③政府的作用3、宏观经济的目标:①持续的经济增长②充分就业③价格稳定④国际收支平衡宏观经济学:是把整个经济总体作为考察对象,研究其经济活动的现象和规律,从而产生许多经济理论。联系:①相辅相成,构成整体②微观是宏观的基础。区别: 微观经济 宏观经济 研究对象 单个经济单位 整个经济解决问题 资源配置 资源利用中心理论 价格理论 国民收入理论研究方法 个量分析 总量分析代表人物 马歇尔1890《经济学原理》凯恩斯1936《就业、利息和货币通论》4、公共产品:是政府向社会和私人提供的各种服务的总称。特征:①同时具有非“排他性”和非“争夺性”②具有“排他性”,不具有“争夺性”。5、私人产品:是指一般生产要素供给者通过市场经济所提供的产品和服务,它由私人或厂商所提供。特征:①具有“排他性”②具有“争夺性”。6、政府的经济作用:①政府直接控制②政府提供公共产品的社会消费③政府通过稳定财政政策和货币政策控制通货膨胀和失业率④政府从事生产⑤政府提供社会福利保障7、市场失灵:市场经济由于其纯理论所假定的前提无法实现,使得市场经济并非万能,不可能发挥其理论上的经济效率。8、转移支付:是指从整个国家的利益出发对某些人进行的无偿支付。9、洛伦茨曲线:是反映收入分配平均程度的曲线。看图OI表示国民收入百分比,OP表示人口百分比,连接两对角线OY的是绝对平均曲线。对角线上的任何一点都表示:总人口中每一定百分比的人口所拥有的收入,在总收入中也占相同的百分比。OPY是绝对不平均线,表示社会的全部收入都被一人所占有,其余的人的收入都是零。OY 弧线为实际收入分配线即洛伦茨曲线,每一点都表明:占总人口的一定百分比的人口拥有的收入在总收入中所占的百分比。从曲线的形状可看出:实际收入分配线越靠近对角线,则表示社会收入分配越接近平均;反之,实际收入分配线越远离对角线,则表示社会收入分配越不平均。10、基尼系数(洛伦茨系数):根据洛伦茨曲线图找出了判断收入分配平均程度的指标。基尼系数=A/(A+B)A表示实际收入分配曲线与绝对平均曲线之间的面积;B表示实际收入分配曲线与绝对不平均曲线之间的面对。如果A=0,基尼系数=0,则表示收入绝对平均;如果B=0,基尼系数=1,收入绝对不平均。事实上基尼系数在0和1之间,基尼系数数值越小,越接近于收入平均;基尼系数数值越大,则收入越不平均。对于收入分配高度不均的国家基尼系数在0.5-0.7之间,对于收入分配相对平等的国家,在0.2-0.35之间。11、税金转嫁:纳税人可以把税金转嫁给他人负担。分为两种:①向前转嫁,即在市场交换过程中,在产品或服务销售之前,卖方通过加价的方式把税收负担转嫁给买方;②向后转嫁,即在市场交换过程中,买方通过少支付的方法,将税收负担转嫁给卖方。12、整个社会经济的运行包括总需求和总供给两大部分。当经济处于均衡时,AD=AS。总需求AD:指经济社会对产品和劳务的有支付能力的需求总量。总供给AS:指经济社会对产品和劳务的实际供给总量,即经济社会的总产量。总产出=总收入=总支出13、流量:指在一定时期内某种经济变量的增量—时期数,可相加。存量:指在某一时点上某种经济变量的数值—时点数,不可相加。关系:流量来自存量,;流量又归于存量,流量会导致存量变化。14、流量分析:是指对一定时期内有关经济总量的产出、投入的变动及其对于其他有关经济总量的影响进行分析。 存量分析:是指对一定时点上已有的经济总量的数值及其对于其他有关经济变量的影响进行分析。15、漏出:是指家庭将其部分收入用于储蓄,而没有全部用于消费。 注入:是指厂商所获得的追加投资。注入的来源是漏出。16、国内生产总值GDP:是一个国家在一定地域范围之内=一定时期内(通常是一年)生产的最终产品和劳务市场价值总额。GDP价格矫正指数=名义GDP/实际GDP 名义国内生产总值:是用生产物品和劳务的那个时期的价格计算出来的价值。实际国内生产总值:是用某一年作为基年的价格计算出来的价值。GDP统计收入法的具体项目:毛工资、净利息、租金、企业税前利润、企业间接税、非公司企业收入、折旧费。看笔记17、国民生产总值GNP:是一国所拥有的生产要素所生产的最终产品的价值。18、GDP中的五个总量: ①国内生产总值GDP②国内生产净值NDP:国内生产总值减去折旧即得到国内生产净值。③国民收入NI:一国生产要素所有者在一定时期内从生产中应该的感到的报酬的总和。④个人收入PI:一年内一国个人所得实际收入的总和。⑤个人可支配收入DPI:个人收入扣除个人所缴纳的各种税收后所剩下的部分。关系:国内生产净值NDP=国内生产总值GDP—资本消耗(折旧费)国民收入NI=NDP—企业间接税+补贴—统计误差国民收入NI=工资+利息+租金+公司税前利润+非公司企业收入个人收入PI=NI—公司未分配利润—公司所得税—社会保险金+政府转移支付+消费者支付利息+政府债券利息可支配收入DPI=个人收入PI—个人纳税可支配收入DPI=个人消费+个人储蓄+消费者所付利息GDP统计方法:产品流动法、支出法、收入法。19、平均消费倾向APC:消费支出占可支配收入的比例;平均储蓄倾向APS:储蓄占可支配收入的比例。APC+APS=120、边际消费倾向MPC:指消费增量和可支配收入增量之比,表示每增加一个单位的可支配收入时消费的变动情况。边际储蓄倾向MPS:指储蓄增量和可支配收入增量之比,表示每增加一个单位的可支配收入时储蓄的变动情况。MPC+MPS=121、消费曲线:是用来表示消费与收入之间函数关系的曲线。 消费函数与储蓄函数的关系:①两者互为补数,之和等于总收入。②APC与MPC随收入增加而递减,APC>MPC;APS与MPS随收入增加而递增,APS
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