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1、综合写作题型分类：单话题类/双话题类话题分类：生物生态类/商业经济/文学艺术/化石考古/燃料能源多样化表达：阅读：Thereading,thepassage,theauthor,thearticle听力：Thelistening,thelecture,thelecturer,theprofessor,thespeaker认为：believe,hold,suggest,support,pointout,advocate(提倡，主张，通常不用于反对意见),claim反驳：Criticizevt.批评criticismn.（crisisn.危机）Argue,
2、challenge,doubt,disagree,refute,….Isquestionable.但是：However,although,ontheotherhand,incontrast,while,增加：Increase(n&vt),boost(boosttheeconomy)(n&vt使增长；推动；改进；使兴旺),maximize/maximization,addtosth(globalwarming)Improve/improvement,enhance/enhancement,heightenfortify/fortification(vt使
3、强化，使振作),advance(vi&vt&n)expansion(usedinsize,number,amount),amplify(扩大声音、增强，加剧),enlarge（及物&不及物，扩大；～onsth进一步说明，详述）thrive降低：Decline(vi&n),decrease,minimize/minimization,reduce/reduction,cutdown,shrink(vi&vt)/shrinkageDamage,impair(vt,损害，削弱),causedamageto,harm,hurtDestroy,destructi
4、on,dogreatdamageto,doharmto,ruin,catastrophicdamage，thedisastrousconsequence，endanger（vt危及，危害）影响：aftermath后果，余波the~of(animportantevent)affect副词：definitely，totally（disagreewith），strongly（influencedby）其他：Utility用途Alternative/substitute：analternativetosth某事物的替代品；alternativesth备用，可替
5、代sthsbsubstituteonethingforanother/onethingsubstituteforanother取代，替换asubstituteforsth替代品生物生态类：物种数量骤降/骤增分析原因：假说分析Hypothesis,explanation,cause,theoryPredator,predation,pollution,climatechange,habitat,insect,humanactionatlong-termenvironmentalexpense（Itexposesthefallacyofshort-term
6、industrialgainatlong-termenvironmentalexpense这暴露了以长久的环境破坏为代价换取短期工业利益的错误。）分析影响：生态问题Ecosystem,localspecies,foodchain,thenumberofA=Apopulationnative：意含对当地生态系统重要的、必不可少的inevitable/unavoidable/inescapableindispensableendangered/scarcespeciesgeneticallydiverse(多样化的)/geneticdiversity解决方
7、案：生态保护Pesticide,assistedmigration,geneticmodification措施：waystoaddressthedeclineofthreesolutionsmentionedinthereadingpassageinanattempttodosth,sbdosthpresentthreesolutions/measures模板开头段ØThereadingandthelisteningpresentoppositeviewsonthehypothesisofseaotterdecline（主题）.Thereadingad
8、vocatesthepollutiontheory（观点A）whilethelistening
