资源描述：
《专四语法--名词的数和格.ppt》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、专四语法 名词的数和格湖南科技学院外语系名词分类按构词法简单名词(SimpleNoun)复合名词(CompoundNoun)派生名词(DerivativeNoun)按词汇意义普通名词(CommonNoun):个体名词、集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词专有名词(ProperNoun)按语法特征可数名词(Count/CountableNoun)不可数名词(Non-count/UncountableNoun)名词词组的句法功能名词词组的结构模式（限定词）+（前置修饰语）+名词+（后置修饰语）amostlovelylittleboy
2、whosemotherisadoctorsomecrisp,tasty,redapplesIjustboughtforChristmas名词词组的用法（除谓语外的各种成分）Childrenatplayseldomrememberwhattimeitis.Mygrandfatherdiedamartyrtohisrevolutionaryideal.Theyselectedhimchairmanoftheboard.MrBrown,directorofthecoalmine,shouldberesponsibleforthe
3、accident.Withinthehousenothingstirs.InthegardenIcanhearthesingingofbirds.Icanheartherustleoftheirwings.Hereturnedlastnight.Aphotoistakeneachtime(=whenever)thisbuttonispushed.名词的数 （SingularNumber,PluralNumber)规则复数与不规则复数规则复数：在单数名词后加-s/-es不规则复数：通过内部元音变换或其他方式（少数名词和外来词
4、）集体名词、物质名词、抽象名词、专有名词的数规则复数大部分名词：加词尾-s以-s,-x,-sh,-ch,-z结尾的名词：加词尾-es以-y结尾的名词：加词尾-s/-es以o结尾的名词：加词尾-s/-es以-f/-fe结尾的名词：加词尾-s/-es大部分名词：加词尾-s在/p/,/t/,/k/,/f/等轻辅音后读/s/:maps,books,boats,roofs在/b/,/d/,/g/,/v/,/l/,/m/等浊辅音和元音后读/z/:verbs,birds,dogs,boys,seas,hills在/s/,/z/,/ʃ/,
5、/dʒ/,/tʃ/等辅音后读/iz/:roses,places,houses,bridges,colleges,faces以-th结尾的名词加词尾-s:长元音之后读/ðz/:baths,mouths,paths,laths短元音或辅音之后（包括-rth）读/θs/:months,moths,berths少数/ðz/或/θs/皆可：youths,oaths,sheaths,truths以-s,-x,-sh,-ch,-z结尾的名词：加词尾-es,读作/iz/:gasesclassesboxesbuzzeschurchesben
6、ches以-y结尾的名词：以辅音+y结尾的：变-y为-i,再加-es,读/iz/:parties,ladies,universities,spies,skies,factories以-quy结尾的名词：变-y为-i,再加-es,读/z/:soliloquy--soliloquies以-y结尾的专有名词：加词尾-s,读/z/:Marys,Germanys以元音+y结尾的名词：加词尾-s,读/z/:rays,boys,days,joys,plays,toys以o结尾的名词：以元音/元音字母+o（包括oo)结尾的名词：加词尾-s
7、,读/z/:radios,portfolios,studios,embryos,bamboos,kangaroos,zoos,cuckoos某些以辅音+o结尾的名词：加词尾-es,读/z/:negroes,heroes,tomatoes,potatoes,echoes,torpedoes,vetoes,embargoes某些以辅音+o结尾的名词：加词尾-s,读/z/:pianos,kilos,memos,autos,quartos（四开本）,solos（独奏）,cellos（大提琴）,sopranos（女高音）,altos
8、（女低音）少数以o结尾的名词：加词尾-s或-es均可,读/z/:某些以-o结尾的专有名词：加词尾-s,读/z/:Filipinos,Romeos以-f/-fe结尾的名词：多数加词尾-s，读/s/:serfs,gulfs,beliefs,chiefs,cliffs,griefs,roofs,safes小故
